Past exam of the theoretical physics major option course of the University of Oxford / 2017 / 1 / b

The sum needs a stated interpretation. The original equation leaves the second bond outside explicit parentheses, with its index then formally free. The natural translation-invariant, equal-bond interpretation used here is the energy $-J{\sum }_j{\tau }_j({\sigma }_j+{\sigma }_{j+1})$.

Let $K=\beta J$. Sum over each decorating spin before summing over the remaining spins. The decimation of an alternating mixed-spin chain gives the effective transfer matrix:No on-site entropy has been omitted: the term $1$ is the weight of the zero decorating spin. The normalized eigenvectors are $v_{\pm }=(1,\pm 1{)}^{\mathsf{T}}/\sqrt{2}$, with eigenvaluesThere are $L$ transfer steps but $2L$ physical sites, soThe free energy per two-site unit cell is twice this value. At $J=0$, the formula gives $Z_L=6^L$, as required by two states on one sublattice and three on the other. As $T\to 0$, the free energy per physical site tends to $-J$, the energy of an aligned chain with two satisfied bonds per unit cell. These checks also fix the factor of two in the site count.