Phylloquinone, also called vitamin K1, is a Vitamin K compound with formula . Its methyl-substituted quinone ring bears a twenty-carbon phytyl side chain. Sharing the ring framework with menaquinones does not make their complete structures identical: the attached hydrocarbon chains differ.[ref]
Isotope-labelled precursor experiments illustrate why chemical identity matters in metabolism. A labelled product may retain atoms from phylloquinone while having become menaquinone-4. A label traces selected atoms, whereas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance help establish the product's identity. The 2010 UBIAD1 study combined labelled Vitamin K derivatives, perturbation of the proposed enzyme and chemical product identification.[ref]
Identification of UBIAD1 as a novel human menaquinone-4 biosynthetic enzyme by Kimie Nakagawa and others. Abstract and Figure 1; conversion of labelled derivatives and identification of labelled menaquinone-4
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