Simultaneous connection of separated DNA segments by a protein assembly. Intramolecular bridging produces a loop; intermolecular bridging connects distinct molecules.
A binding experiment challenging a labelled complex with unlabelled DNA. Specific and nonspecific competitors can distinguish sequence recognition from transfer of other DNA-bound components.
DNA that lacks the selected recognition sequence but can accept nonspecific interactions or transferred histones. Its effect must be interpreted against controls for all components.
Unlabelled DNA containing recognition sites for the protein being tested. Competition can draw that protein away from labelled DNA without necessarily removing other proteins from the labelled assembly.
An assembly of DNA and two distinguishable protein components. A mobility shift alone does not establish composition; selective competition and component-specific detection can test which components remain.

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