Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 107 4 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Fix nested relatively compact subsets of and let bound the gradient on the larger one. The fundamental theorem of calculus along a line segment gives on the smaller one. Part (i) gives coefficient bounds independent of small , so the De Giorgi-Nash-Moser theorem gives uniform interior Hölder continuity estimates for these weak solutions. Since is continuous, the difference quotients converge locally uniformly to . Passing to the limit in the Hölder seminorm estimate, and repeating for every coordinate, yieldsThe first derivatives are locally Hölder continuous. Here the initially obtained exponent depends on and the local gradient bound. This is the interior interpretation of the printed regularity conclusion; a uniform global estimate does not follow from alone.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 107 4 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Write the minimal surface equation for a graph as in its weak formulation, where . For negative increments use the same difference quotient convention, soFor , the function is an admissible test function in . Commuting the first partial derivative with translation, then applying discrete integration by parts, givesThe fundamental theorem of calculus along a line segment gives the averaged linearization of a nonlinear divergence-form equationThus the backward difference quotient solves a linear equation in divergence form:To verify the ellipticity of the minimal surface flux, computeand henceThe eigenvalue parallel to is ; every orthogonal eigenvalue is . The same lower and upper bounds pass to the averaged symmetric matrix whenever both endpoint gradients have norm at most :The printed hypothesis supplies such an on each relatively compact subset, uniformly for sufficiently small . It therefore establishes a locally uniformly elliptic operator. A single lower bound on all of additionally requires bounded gradients there and at the shifted points; this is automatic for bounded and fixed , but is not supplied on an arbitrary open set.