A small regulatory RNA can alter target-RNA translation or stability through base pairing or protein interactions. In bacteria, effects on initiation and RNA degradation should be separated experimentally with transcript and protein measurements.
A guide RNA associated with Piwi-family proteins. Most characterized animal piRNA pathways use Dicer-independent processing of single-stranded precursors; the approximately 21-nucleotide C. elegans 21U RNAs are distinct from the longer typical fly and mammalian piRNAs.[ref]
Specialized piRNA Pathways Act in Germline and Somatic Tissues of the Drosophila Ovary by Colin D. Malone and others. 2009, pp. 522–535, somatic and germline pathway-mutant comparisons
A class of approximately 21-nucleotide Caenorhabditis elegans piRNAs associated with PRG-1. They are not generated by the standard fly ping-pong system.
Reciprocal guide-directed cleavage produces new piRNA ends from complementary precursor or target RNAs. A 10-nucleotide overlap of opposite-strand 5′ ends supports this mechanism but does not prove amplification in every piRNA pathway.
A genomic source of piRNA precursor transcripts, often containing fragments of transposable elements. Cluster-derived guides can recognize related active elements elsewhere in the genome.
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