A persistent close association between organisms of different species. Such associations can be mutualistic, commensal or parasitic; symbiosis does not by itself mean mutual benefit.
A root-fungus association with branched fungal exchange structures, arbuscules, within root cortical cells. Nutrient transfer and host carbon allocation are regulated and context-dependent.
A close biological association on which at least one partner depends for persistence or reproduction under the specified conditions. Obligacy does not itself imply mutual benefit, reciprocity or coevolution.
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