Tidal deformation is the change in a body's shape caused by differential gravity across it, that is, by a tidal force. The familiar two-bulge picture represents an elongated response along the companion direction, rather than a separate force pulling only the nearest surface. If spin and orbital motion differ, the forcing sweeps through the body's material. With tidal dissipation, the response is out of alignment with the instantaneous forcing, allowing a net torque. [ref].
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