A land plant with the specialized conducting tissues xylem and phloem. An independent, usually conspicuous sporophyte supports transport and growth; the ecological requirements of the gametophyte still matter for completing reproduction.
A plant lineage reproducing through seeds, including gymnosperms and angiosperms. Reduction and retention of gametophytes and male delivery through pollen distinguish their reproductive ecology from a typical free-living fern gametophyte.
A member of a seed-plant lineage whose ovules are not enclosed in angiosperm carpels. Conifers contribute extensively to forest carbon pools, but the lineage includes different growth forms and reproductive arrangements.
A gymnosperm genus used in comparisons of reproductive regulatory genes.[ref]
On the origin of class B floral homeotic genes: functional substitution and dominant inhibition in Arabidopsis by expression of an orthologue from the gymnosperm Gnetum by Kai-Uwe Winter and others. Heterologous expression of a B-class-related regulator
A member of a vascular-plant lineage generally reproducing through spores rather than seeds. Most familiar fern bodies are sporophytes; their gametophytes can have different environmental requirements. heterospory and other life-cycle differences prevent treating every fern as one identical model.
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