Velocity reconstruction from a mixed-boundary vector Poisson problem ($\Delta A=-\nabla \times u,\nabla \cdot A{|}_{\partial D}=0,n\cdot \nabla \times A=n\cdot u⟹\nabla \times A=u$)

Let $D$ be bounded, connected and simply connected, and let $u$ be a smooth divergence-free field. Suppose a sufficiently smooth vector field $A$ satisfies the displayed Poisson and boundary conditions. Divergence gives $\Delta \mathrm{div}A=0$ with zero boundary value, so harmonic uniqueness gives $\mathrm{div}A=0$. The vector Laplacian identity then implies $\nabla \times (\nabla \times A-u)=0$.

On a simply connected domain, define a scalar potential by integrating this curl-free difference along a path from a fixed point. Vanishing circulation around contractible loops proves path independence. Thus the difference is $\nabla \chi$; its divergence and boundary normal component give $\Delta \chi =0$ and ${\partial }_n\chi =0$. Green's identity yields ${\int }_D|\nabla \chi {|}^2=0$, proving the reconstruction. Additional conditions on $A$ can specify its own boundary problem; the argument assumes its existence and proves that its curl is exactly $u$. Simple connectivity is essential for eliminating possible non-gradient harmonic circulation fields.