Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was a British scientist, chemist, and physicist known for his work in the fields of gas chemistry and electricity. He is best remembered for discovering hydrogen, which he called "inflammable air," and for measuring the density of the Earth in his famous experiment, known as the Cavendish experiment. This experiment allowed for the first accurate determination of the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth.

John Canton (1718-1772) was an English physicist and a prominent figure in the study of electricity during the 18th century. He is best known for his experiments with electrical phenomena, particularly static electricity. Canton made significant contributions to the understanding of electrical charge and conducted several notable experiments, including the invention of the first known electrical pendulum. He was also one of the founding members of the Royal Society, an esteemed scientific organization in England.

John Nye is a notable British scientist known for his contributions to the fields of geophysics and climate science. He has been involved in research related to ice, glaciers, and sea level rise, playing a significant role in understanding the dynamics of ice sheets and their impact on global sea levels in the context of climate change. Nye is perhaps best known for introducing models that describe the flow of ice, including the mechanics of how glaciers move over time.

John Papaloizou is a highly regarded astrophysicist known for his research in the fields of stellar and planetary formation, accretion disks, and the dynamics of celestial objects. He has contributed significantly to our understanding of the processes that govern the behavior of stars and planets, particularly in relation to how they form and interact with their environments. His work often involves complex mathematical modeling and simulations to explore the physical mechanisms at play in these cosmic phenomena.

Engraving is a printmaking technique that involves incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface, such as metal, wood, or glass. This incision can be made using various tools, and the resulting grooves or patterns can hold ink, allowing for the reproduction of images. There are several main methods of engraving: 1. **Intaglio Engraving**: This involves cutting into a metal plate (often copper or zinc) using a burin or etching needle.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized or notable figure named Marjorie Williamson. It’s possible that she could refer to a private individual or a less prominent person, or she could have gained recognition after my last update.

Michael Moore is a physicist known for his work in the field of physics education and for contributions to the understanding of the role of conflict in physics education. He is also recognized for his research on the physics of materials and for promoting educational practices that engage students in a deeper understanding of physical concepts. His work often emphasizes the importance of effective communication in science and the need to make complex ideas accessible to a broader audience.

Peter J. Carroll is a prominent figure in the realm of chaos magic, a contemporary form of magic that emphasizes the use of belief as a tool for achieving results. He is best known for his books, particularly "Liber Null & Psychonaut," which are foundational texts for practitioners of chaos magic. Carroll's work integrates elements of Western occultism, psychology, and experimental approaches to magic, advocating for a practical and results-oriented perspective on magical practices.

Robert J. Mears is a prominent American sociologist known for his work in criminology and criminal justice. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to the study of social control, the relationship between sentencing and crime rates, and issues related to juvenile delinquency. Mears has published numerous articles and books addressing these topics and has been involved in research that informs policy and practice in criminal justice.

Roger Cashmore is a prominent physicist known for his work in the field of particle physics and cosmology. He has contributed significantly to research related to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and has been involved in various scientific endeavors that explore the fundamental properties of matter and the universe. Cashmore has also engaged in science communication and education, sharing insights about physics with a broader audience.

Roy Sambles is a prominent British physicist known for his work in the field of condensed matter physics, particularly in optics and nanophysics. He has made significant contributions to the study of electromagnetic waves in complex materials, and his research often involves the exploration of metamaterials and their applications in various technologies. Sambles has published numerous papers and is affiliated with academic institutions, where he engages in teaching and mentorship.

Thomas Young (1773–1829) was an English polymath who made significant contributions to various fields including physics, physiology, and linguistics. He is perhaps best known for his work in the field of optics and is widely recognized for his formulation of the wave theory of light. One of Young's most famous experiments is the double-slit experiment, which demonstrated that light can exhibit characteristics of both waves and particles.

Victor Alessandro Mundella does not appear to be a widely recognized name or term as of my last knowledge update in October 2021. It is possible that he is a private individual, a fictional character, or a figure who has gained prominence or relevance after that date.

William Astbury (1898–1961) was a British biologist and physicist known for his significant contributions to the field of X-ray crystallography. He is particularly recognized for his pioneering work in studying the structure of biological macromolecules, especially proteins and nucleic acids. Astbury's research laid foundational principles for understanding the molecular structure of these biological materials, which would later be crucial in the field of molecular biology.

William Parkinson Wilson does not appear to be a widely recognized figure or concept based on the information available up to October 2023. It is possible he could be a private individual or an emerging figure in a specialized field.

Albert Fert is a French physicist who is renowned for his work in the field of magnetism and spintronics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007, shared with Peter Grünberg, for their discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR), a phenomenon that has significant applications in modern data storage technology, including in hard drives. Their research has contributed to the development of more efficient data storage devices and has had a profound impact on the electronics industry.

The Société Française de Physique (SFP), or the French Society of Physics, is a professional organization dedicated to promoting the advancement and dissemination of physics in France. The society organizes conferences, publishes research, and supports education in the field of physics. The presidents of the Société Française de Physique have varied over the years, typically consisting of distinguished physicists who have made significant contributions to the field.

GRAPES-3 (General Purpose Research Array for Neutrino Astrophysics and Particle Physics Experiment) is a scientific experiment and research facility primarily located in India, designed for the study of cosmic rays and neutrinos. It represents a significant advancement in astroparticle physics, aiming to understand high-energy processes in the universe, including those occurring in supernovae, black holes, and other cosmic phenomena.

Portal 2 is a first-person puzzle-platform video game developed by Valve Corporation and released in April 2011. It is a sequel to the 2007 game Portal, which was part of the game bundle "The Orange Box." In Portal 2, players continue the story of Chell, a test subject who navigates through a series of puzzles using a "portal gun.