The Bergen School, or Bergen School of Meteorology, refers to a group of meteorologists and a specific approach to weather forecasting that originated in Bergen, Norway, in the early to mid-20th century. Key figures associated with the Bergen School include meteorologists such as Halvdan G. Hartmann and Vilhelm Bjerknes.

Cleveland Abbe (1838–1916) was an American meteorologist and astronomer who is best known for his contributions to the field of meteorology. He is often referred to as the "father of the National Weather Service" in the United States. Abbe played a significant role in developing systematic weather forecasting in the U.S. and was instrumental in establishing various meteorological organizations. One of his key achievements was advocating for the establishment of the U.S.

The Tower of the Winds, or "Astronomical Clock," is an ancient marble clock tower located in the Roman agora of Athens, Greece. Constructed in the 1st century BCE, the structure is attributed to the astronomer Andronicus of Cyrrhus. The tower is octagonal in shape and stands approximately 12 meters (39 feet) tall.

Weather satellites of the Soviet Union were part of the country's efforts to monitor and predict weather patterns, as well as to collect data for agricultural, meteorological, and military purposes. The Soviet space program developed a series of weather satellites known primarily as the **Meteor** series. Here's an overview: 1. **Meteor Series**: The main series of Soviet meteorological satellites launched from the early 1960s onwards.

The Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS) is a professional and learned society based in the United Kingdom that focuses on meteorology and related sciences. It publishes a range of academic journals that cover various aspects of meteorology, climatology, and atmospheric science.

Atmospheric research is a scientific field that focuses on the study of the Earth's atmosphere, including its physical, chemical, and biological processes. This research aims to understand various phenomena such as weather patterns, climate change, air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and the interactions between the atmosphere and other components of the Earth system, including oceans, land, and living organisms.

"April showers" is a phrase commonly used to refer to the rainfall that typically occurs in April in many regions, particularly in the temperate climate zones. The phrase is often associated with the idea that such rain is necessary for flowers to bloom and for the growth of plants in the following spring months. The expression suggests a cyclical relationship between rain and the blossoming of nature, emphasizing the notion that the challenges of April water bring about the beauty of spring flowers later on.

The Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the development and application of technology related to atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Established by the American Meteorological Society (AMS), it publishes original research articles, technical notes, and reviews that cover a wide range of topics including meteorological instrumentation, oceanographic technology, remote sensing, and data assimilation techniques.

An ashfall advisory is a notification issued by meteorological or geological agencies to inform the public about the potential for volcanic ashfall in a specific area. This advisory is typically prompted by volcanic activity, such as an eruption or increased seismic activity that indicates the possibility of an eruption. The advisory may include: 1. **Details about the volcano:** Information on the volcano's name, location, and current activity status.

The Cardiff Naturalists' Society is a long-established organization focused on the study and promotion of natural history in Cardiff, Wales. As part of its activities, the Society typically publishes reports and transactions that document its findings, observations, and activities related to the natural environment. These reports might include articles, research papers, and notes on various aspects of natural history, including flora, fauna, geology, and conservation efforts in the region.

**Weather** refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place at a specific time. It encompasses various factors including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. Weather can change rapidly and is typically described in terms of the current conditions, such as "sunny," "cloudy," "rainy," or "stormy.

The International Cloud Experiment (ICE) refers to collaborative research initiatives focused on studying and understanding cloud properties, dynamics, and their effects on the Earth's climate. These experiments often involve scientists from various countries and disciplines, working together to collect data and analyze cloud behavior across different regions and atmospheric conditions. One notable example is the International Cloud Physics Conference (ICPC) and related field campaigns that aim to improve our understanding of clouds and their interactions with the environment.

The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) is a scientific research initiative that focuses on understanding the interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, clouds, and land in the context of the southeastern Pacific Ocean. VOCALS aims to improve knowledge of the climate system, especially regarding the role of the ocean in climate variability and change, and the interplay between oceanic conditions and atmospheric phenomena.

Continuous Marine Broadcast (CMB) typically refers to automated broadcasts of maritime safety information (MSI), navigational warnings, and other critical information to vessels at sea. This broadcast system is essential for enhancing navigational safety and ensuring that vessels have access to timely information concerning weather, hazards, and operational notices.

In meteorology, "decoupling" refers to a process in which the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) becomes less coupled with the underlying surface, typically during the nighttime or under stable atmospheric conditions. This phenomenon can significantly affect temperature, humidity, and wind patterns. When the ABL is coupled with the surface, heat and moisture can be exchanged freely between the ground and the air above.

A pseudo-cold front is a weather phenomenon that can occur in certain meteorological conditions, particularly when a warm front is approaching or passing through. It is characterized by a sudden drop in temperature that resembles the effects of a cold front but does not involve the typical characteristics associated with a cold front.

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. NCEP plays a crucial role in providing weather forecasts, warnings, and other related services. It operates several key centers focused on different aspects of weather and climate prediction, including atmospheric, oceanic, and space weather.

The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) is an institution in India that focuses on weather and climate forecasting over medium-range periods, typically from one to about 15 days ahead. Established in 1998, NCMRWF operates under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

The National Weather Service (NWS) office in Binghamton, New York, is a local branch of the National Weather Service, which is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This office is responsible for monitoring and forecasting weather conditions, issuing warnings and alerts for severe weather, and providing climate data for the region. The Binghamton office covers parts of New York, including the Southern Tier and parts of northeastern Pennsylvania.

The National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita, Kansas, is a local office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that provides weather forecasts, warnings, and other meteorological services to the region. The office serves central and south-central Kansas, covering areas including cities like Wichita, Hutchinson, and Newton. The NWS Wichita is responsible for monitoring weather conditions, issuing forecasts and severe weather alerts, and providing information related to climate and hydrology.