Nuclear fusion fuels are materials used in the process of nuclear fusion, where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a significant amount of energy in the process. The most commonly researched fuels for nuclear fusion include: 1. **Deuterium (D)**: This is an isotope of hydrogen that contains one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. Deuterium is abundant in seawater, making it a widely accessible fuel source.

Uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is a chemical compound of uranium that consists of one uranium atom and six fluorine atoms. It is a key material in the process of enriching uranium, which is essential for producing nuclear fuel for reactors and for developing nuclear weapons. UF6 is unique among uranium compounds because it is a gas at relatively high temperatures (above about 56.

Thorium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a silvery-white metal that is moderately hard and malleable. Thorium is found in nature mainly in the mineral monazite, and it is considered to be a potential alternative to uranium as a nuclear fuel for nuclear reactors.

Fissile materials are substances that are capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction when bombarded with neutrons. This means that when a fissile nucleus captures a neutron, it can split into smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy and additional neutrons in the process. These additional neutrons can then go on to cause further fissions in nearby fissile nuclei, leading to a self-sustaining reaction.

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a liquid metal alloy composed primarily of lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi), typically in a composition that gives rise to a eutectic point. The eutectic mixture has specific melting and solidification properties, often lower than the melting points of its constituent metals when they are in their pure forms.

Magnesium diuranate, also known as magnesium uranyl carbonate or magnesium diuranate(VI), is a compound that contains uranium in its uranyl form, along with magnesium. It is often found in the context of nuclear materials and chemistry related to uranium processing. The chemical formula for magnesium diuranate can be represented as MgU2O7 or Mg(UO2)2(CO3)2, depending on the specific composition being referred to.

Aircraft nuclear engines refer to propulsion systems designed to use nuclear reactions, typically nuclear fission, as a source of energy for powering aircraft. The concept dates back to the Cold War, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s, when the potential for nuclear-powered flight was explored by various military and research organizations.

Nuclear-powered robots are robotic systems that utilize nuclear energy as their source of power. This can involve the use of small nuclear reactors, radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), or other nuclear technologies to provide a long-lasting and reliable source of energy for robotic operations.

Nuclear-powered aircraft refer to aircraft that are propelled and powered by nuclear energy, typically through the use of a nuclear reactor. The concept primarily emerged during the Cold War, as military and defense researchers explored the potential for long-duration flights without the need for conventional fuel sources. ### Key Features and Concepts: 1. **Nuclear Reactors**: These aircraft would utilize a compact nuclear reactor to generate heat, which would then be converted into thrust.

Project Pluto was a research and development program initiated by the United States during the late 1950s to early 1960s. It aimed to create a nuclear-powered cruise missile known as the "SLAM" (Supersonic Low Altitude Missile). The project was conducted by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Douglas Aircraft Company, and it sought to develop an unmanned vehicle that could travel at supersonic speeds and carry nuclear warheads over long distances.

Nuclear reactors can be classified into several types based on various criteria, including their design, fuel type, coolant type, and intended use. Here are the main types of nuclear reactors: ### 1. **By Design** - **Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR):** - Most common type. Uses water as both coolant and moderator. The primary circuit is kept under high pressure to prevent boiling, while heat is transferred to a secondary circuit that drives a steam turbine.

Russia has developed several small nuclear reactor designs over the years, often referred to as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). These reactors are typically designed for various applications, such as providing power to remote areas, serving in naval applications (especially for submarines and icebreakers), and offering low-capacity electricity generation. Here are some notable examples of Russian small nuclear reactors: 1. **KLT-40S**: This is a modular reactor designed for icebreakers and floating nuclear power plants.

Lists of nuclear reactors refer to compilations of operational, under-construction, and decommissioned nuclear reactors around the world. These lists can be categorized based on various criteria, including: 1. **Geographic Location**: Many lists organize reactors by country, such as the United States, France, Japan, and others, detailing the number of reactors and their specific locations.

Oklo is a company that is focused on advancing nuclear technology, specifically through the development of compact, innovative nuclear reactors. Founded in 2013, Oklo aims to provide a safe, scalable, and sustainable source of energy by utilizing small modular reactors (SMRs) that can generate electricity with a lower environmental impact compared to traditional energy sources.

Thorium-based nuclear power refers to the use of thorium as a fuel in nuclear reactors to generate electricity. Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive element that is more abundant than uranium and is seen as a potential alternative for nuclear energy production due to several advantages. ### Key Aspects of Thorium-based Nuclear Power: 1. **Fuel Cycle**: Thorium itself is not fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction on its own.

The Pennsylvania State University Radiation Science & Engineering Center (RSEC) is a facility dedicated to research, education, and training in the field of radiation science and engineering. It supports a range of activities, including nuclear engineering, radiation health physics, and various applications of radiation in fields such as medicine, industry, and environmental science. The center provides resources such as laboratories and research reactors that allow students and researchers to conduct experiments and gain practical experience in radiation-related technologies.

A Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR) is a type of research reactor designed primarily for physics experiments, particularly those involving nuclear reactor physics, fuel behavior, and safety assessments without generating large amounts of heat or power. Unlike standard power reactors, which are designed for electricity generation and operate at full power, ZPPRs operate at very low power levels (close to zero), allowing researchers to conduct experiments with minimal radiation risks and heat generation.

Remix Fuel is a concept related to the Remix project, which is an open-source framework designed for building web applications. Remix aims to provide a modern development experience and streamline the process of creating fast, interactive web applications. Remix Fuel specifically refers to the underlying infrastructure and performance improvements that the framework offers to optimize the rendering and loading of web applications. This may include features such as server-side rendering, optimized data fetching, caching strategies, and better handling of client-server interactions.