Abelson's paradox refers to a thought experiment in the context of decision-making, often discussed in relation to cognitive psychology and behavioral economics. It illustrates a contradiction regarding how individuals evaluate choices and make decisions when considering probabilities and outcomes. The paradox is typically framed around a scenario where individuals must choose between two options that have different probabilities of success and varying degrees of payoff.

The Aberth method is a numerical technique used to find all the roots of a polynomial simultaneously. It is an iterative method that generalizes the Newton-Raphson method for root-finding. The key aspect of the Aberth method is that it uses multiple initial guesses, which are often spread out in the complex plane. This allows for the convergence to multiple roots more effectively than using single-variable methods that tend to find just one root at a time.

Abhyankar's inequality is a result in algebraic geometry and algebra that provides a bound on the number of branches of a curve at a certain point in relation to its singularities. More precisely, it deals with the relationship between the degree of a polynomial and the number of points at which the curve may be singular except for a specified set.

"A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers" is a reference work that provides detailed biographies of notable engineers who contributed to the development of railway systems, primarily in the United Kingdom and possibly elsewhere. It typically includes information about their careers, significant projects, innovations, and impacts on railway engineering and infrastructure. Such dictionaries often serve as valuable resources for historians, researchers, and enthusiasts interested in the history of rail transport, the evolution of technology in this field, and the individuals behind pivotal developments.

Abraham Fraenkel was a notable mathematician, best known for his contributions to set theory. He was one of the developers of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms (ZF), which are foundational axioms for set theory and form the basis for much of modern mathematics.

Abraham Trembley (1710-1784) was a Swiss biologist and naturalist, best known for his pioneering work in the field of protozoology and for his studies of freshwater animals. He is particularly recognized for his research on the hydra, a small, simple freshwater organism. Trembley’s meticulous observations and experiments demonstrated the regenerative abilities of hydra, showing that they could regenerate lost body parts, which contributed to early understanding of regeneration and cellular biology.

Abraham Zelmanov (1910–1997) was a prominent Soviet and later American mathematician and astrophysicist known for his work in general relativity and cosmology. He made significant contributions to the understanding of gravitational theories and played a role in the development of the field of relativistic astrophysics.

Player versus Player (PvP) refers to a type of gameplay in video games where one player competes directly against another player, rather than against the game's AI (Artificial Intelligence). This dynamic is commonly found in various genres, including role-playing games (RPGs), first-person shooters (FPS), multiplayer online battle arenas (MOBAs), and real-time strategy games.

Vladimir Tretyakov is a well-known mathematician, particularly recognized for his contributions in the fields of differential equations, mathematical modeling, and control theory. He has published numerous papers and is involved in various academic and research endeavors.

In logic, absorption is a rule of inference that describes how certain logical expressions can be simplified or transformed. Particularly in propositional logic and Boolean algebra, absorption relates to the way certain expressions can be condensed or reduced. The absorption laws can be formulated as follows: 1. **First Absorption Law:** \[ A \land (A \lor B) \equiv A \] 2.

Abstention generally refers to the act of refraining from participating in a particular activity or decision. The term can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used: 1. **Political Voting**: In the context of voting, abstention describes the choice of an individual or group to not cast a vote. This can happen for various reasons, including disapproval of the options presented, a lack of interest, or a desire not to influence the outcome.

The abundance of elements in the Earth's crust varies significantly, with certain elements being much more prevalent than others. Here is a list of some of the most abundant elements found in the Earth's crust, typically expressed in weight percent (%): 1. **Oxygen (O)** - ~46.6% 2. **Silicon (Si)** - ~27.7% 3. **Aluminum (Al)** - ~8.1% 4. **Iron (Fe)** - ~5.

Aburidashi is a term that refers to a technique used in the preparation of certain Japanese dishes, particularly in the context of serving sushi or sashimi. It typically involves lightly searing or grilling the surface of a piece of fish or seafood, allowing it to retain its raw texture while enhancing its flavor through the slight cooking process. This method highlights the natural taste of the ingredients while also adding a layer of complexity due to the Maillard reaction that occurs during the searing.