Fixed-point iteration is a numerical method used to find a solution to equations of the form \( x = g(x) \).

Croatian geophysicists are scientists and researchers based in Croatia who specialize in the field of geophysics. Geophysics is the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods. It encompasses various sub-disciplines, including seismology, magnetic and gravitational studies, geodesy, and the study of the Earth's internal structure and processes.

A cross-correlation matrix is a mathematical construct used to understand the relationships between multiple variables or time series. In particular, it quantifies how much two signals or datasets correlate with each other over different time lags. The cross-correlation matrix is particularly useful in fields such as signal processing, statistics, and time series analysis.

In graph theory, the **crossing number** of a graph is the minimum number of edge crossings that occur when the graph is drawn in the plane without any edges overlapping, except at their endpoints. Specifically, it refers to the number of pairs of edges that cross each other in a drawing of the graph.

Cross-multiplication is a mathematical technique used primarily to solve equations involving fractions. It allows you to eliminate the fractions by multiplying each side of the equation by the denominators of the fractions involved. This is commonly used when dealing with proportions, which are equations that state two ratios are equal.

Crown gear, also known as a "crown wheel" or "crown gear wheel," is a type of gear that has teeth cut into a pitch circle that is at right angles to the axis of the shaft. It is typically used in applications where a change in the direction of motion is required, such as in bevel gear systems. Crown gears are often used in conjunction with a pinion gear, which meshes with the crown gear to transmit motion and torque.

Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon (CLEAN) is a scientific endeavor aimed at exploring fundamental questions in astrophysics and particle physics using cryogenic techniques and neon as a target medium. The concept revolves around using low-temperature environments to detect weakly interacting particles, such as dark matter candidates and light neutrinos, which are expected to be present in the universe.

True arithmetic generally refers to the concept or philosophical position that arithmetic statements can be assigned a truth value based on whether they accurately describe the structure and properties of mathematical objects, particularly in the context of number theory and logic. In more formal terms, true arithmetic often pertains to the set of arithmetic truths that can be validated within a certain logical framework, such as first-order logic or axiomatic systems like Peano arithmetic.

A cryptographic accelerator is a hardware or software component designed to enhance and speed up the execution of cryptographic operations. These operations can include key generation, encryption, decryption, hashing, and digital signing, among others. Because cryptographic computations can be computationally intensive and require significant processing power, accelerators help offload these tasks from the main CPU, improving overall system performance and security.

Christodoulos Floudas is a prominent figure in the field of chemical engineering and optimization. He is known for his contributions to the development of methodologies in process systems engineering, particularly in the areas of mathematical optimization, nonlinear programming, and process synthesis and design. Floudas has held academic positions, including at Princeton University, where he has been influential in advancing research and education in chemical engineering. His work often intersects with applications in energy systems, pharmaceuticals, and various industrial processes.

Cryptographic hash functions are specialized algorithms that take an input (or "message") and produce a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a sequence of numbers and letters. This string is known as the hash value, hash code, or simply "hash." Cryptographic hash functions play a crucial role in various security applications and protocols, including data integrity verification, password hashing, digital signatures, and blockchain technology.

"Cryptographic log on" typically refers to the use of cryptographic techniques to secure authentication processes when users log into systems or networks. While the phrase isn't standard terminology, it suggests a reliance on cryptographic methods to enhance the security, integrity, and privacy of logon credentials and authentication workflows.

Automata theory is a branch of computer science and mathematics that deals with the study of abstract machines and the problems they can solve. It focuses on the definition and properties of various types of automata, which are mathematical models that represent computation and can perform tasks based on given inputs.

An Abstract State Machine (ASM) is a theoretical model used in computer science to describe the behavior of computational systems in a precise and abstract way. ASMs provide a framework for modeling algorithms and systems in terms of their states and transitions without delving into implementation details, making them useful for formal verification, specification, and understanding complex systems.

A Behavior Tree (BT) is a formalism used in artificial intelligence, particularly in robotics and game development, to model the behavior of agents (which could be robots, characters, or autonomous systems). It is an alternative to state machines and decision trees, providing a hierarchical structure that helps manage complex behaviors in a modular and reusable way. ### Key Components of Behavior Trees: 1. **Nodes:** The basic building blocks of a behavior tree.

Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) is a parallel computing model that provides a structured way to design and analyze parallel algorithms. It was proposed as a way to bridge the gap between synchronous and asynchronous parallel computing by combining the benefits of both while simplifying the programming model. Here are the key components and concepts associated with BSP: ### Key Components: 1. **Supersteps**: The BSP model divides computation into a series of discrete phases called supersteps.

Crystal habit refers to the characteristic external appearance or shape of a mineral crystal or a crystalline substance. This term describes how the individual crystals grow in a particular form and how they interrelate with one another. Crystal habit can be influenced by various factors, including temperature, pressure, and the chemical environment in which the crystals form. Common crystal habits include: 1. **Prismatic**: Elongated crystals with a uniform cross-section, resembling prisms.

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred in October 1962. It is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. ### Background: - **Cold War Context**: The crisis arose during the Cold War, a period of heightened tension and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

An **Embedded Pushdown Automaton (EPDA)** is a specific type of computational model that extends the capabilities of traditional pushdown automata (PDA). To understand what an EPDA is, it's helpful to first review some concepts related to pushdown automata. ### Pushdown Automaton (PDA) A **pushdown automaton** is a type of automaton that employs a stack as its primary data structure, allowing it to recognize a class of languages known as context-free languages.

Gino Girolamo Fanno (1871-1965) was an Italian economist known for his contributions to the field of economics, particularly in monetary theory and fiscal policy. He is often associated with the development of the Fanno curve, which is used to illustrate the relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation in an economy. Fanno's work has been influential in both theoretical and practical aspects of economic policy, and he is recognized for his analytical approach to understanding economic issues during his time.