Biaxial nematic is a phase of liquid crystals that exhibits a unique ordering of their molecules. In standard nematic liquid crystals, the molecules are oriented primarily along a single axis (the director), exhibiting long-range order in one dimension but lacking positional order. In the case of biaxial nematics, the ordering is more complex.
Gene Wiki is an initiative aimed at creating a comprehensive, collaborative resource for information about genes and their functions. It is part of a larger trend in scientific communication that leverages the principles of wikis to allow scientists, researchers, and the public to contribute to, edit, and improve the information available on genes. This platform collects data on gene sequences, functions, associated diseases, and interactions, often pulling from various databases and publications to provide a centralized reference.
BIFF, in the context of Usenet, refers to a method used to notify users when new messages are available in a newsgroup. It is an abbreviation for "Best Information for Finding Friends." BIFF leverages an underlying connection to a Usenet server to inform subscribers of new posts, helping to reduce the need for users to manually check for updates.
Bijective numeration is a way of representing integers in a unique format that avoids the use of zero. In this system, every positive integer is mapped to a unique sequence of symbols, typically using a specific base \( b \), but instead of using the conventional digits \( 0, 1, 2, \ldots, b-1 \), it uses the digits \( 1, 2, \ldots, b \).
The Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) is a nuclear power facility located in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of Russia, near the town of Bilibino. It is significant for being one of the few nuclear power plants in the Russian Far East and is notable for its use of low-powered reactors. ### Key Features: 1. **Reactor Type**: The plant originally consisted of four BN-600 reactors, which are small, light-water reactors.
"What is Mathematics?" is a phrase that can be interpreted in a few ways depending on the context. It could refer to a philosophical inquiry into the nature of mathematics, a specific educational resource, or a broader exploration of the subject's significance and applications. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Philosophical Inquiry**: This includes questions about the essence of mathematics, its foundations, and what it means to "know" or "do" mathematics.
The bilinear transform is a mathematical technique used in the field of signal processing, control systems, and digital filter design. It is a specific mapping used to convert continuous-time systems (typically represented in the s-domain) into discrete-time systems (typically represented in the z-domain) while preserving certain properties of the system, such as stability and frequency response.
Biodistribution refers to the distribution of substances, such as drugs, nutrients, or other compounds, within biological organisms. It typically involves studying how these substances spread through various tissues and organs after administration, influencing their effectiveness and safety. Biodistribution studies are essential in pharmacology and drug development, as they help researchers determine: 1. **Absorption**: How a substance enters the bloodstream.
The "Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers" is a comprehensive reference work that provides biographical entries on notable astronomers throughout history. It includes detailed information about their lives, contributions to the field of astronomy, discoveries, and the contexts in which they worked. Typically, it includes not only well-known figures but also lesser-known astronomers, giving a broad overview of the history of the discipline.
Productive nanosystems refer to advanced systems and technologies that use nanotechnology to create, manipulate, or assemble materials and devices at the nanoscale level (typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers). These nanosystems are designed to enhance production processes, improve efficiency, and enable new capabilities in various fields, including manufacturing, materials science, medicine, and energy.
Belgica Guyot is an underwater feature located in the Southern Ocean, specifically within the Amundsen Sea. It is classified as a guyot, which is a type of submerged volcanic island characterized by a flat top. Belgica Guyot is part of the larger Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, which consists of numerous underwater volcanic mountains.
"Being and Time" is a philosophical work by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, published in 1927. It is considered one of the most important texts in 20th-century philosophy and has had a profound impact on existentialism, phenomenology, and hermeneutics. In "Being and Time," Heidegger explores the concept of "Being" (Sein) and seeks to understand what it means to exist.
"Behind the Curve" is a documentary film released in 2018 that explores the flat Earth movement and its followers. The film examines the beliefs of those who reject the established scientific consensus that the Earth is a sphere and instead promote the idea that the Earth is flat. It highlights the community dynamics within the movement, the motivations of its adherents, and the ways in which social media and the internet facilitate the spread of these unconventional beliefs.
"Before You Were Punk 2" is a compilation album released by the punk rock label Fearless Records. It features a collection of songs from various artists, showcasing their influences and musical styles. The series is intended to highlight tracks that predate the punk genre, emphasizing its roots and the musical landscape that preceded it. The album typically includes covers, reinterpretations, or songs by bands that have inspired the punk movement.
In the context of mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and related fields, the term "Χ-bounded" (often written as X-bounded) refers to a property of a set or a family of functions. A set \( S \) of functions or operators is called X-bounded if it is uniformly bounded in the topology or structure defined by a space \( X \).
Some examples by Ciro Santilli follow.
Of the tutorial-subjectivity type:
- This edit perfectly summarizes how Ciro feels about Wikipedia (no particular hate towards that user, he was a teacher at the prestigious Pierre and Marie Curie University and actually as a wiki page about him):which removed the only diagram that was actually understandable to non-Mathematicians, which Ciro Santilli had created, and received many upvotes at: math.stackexchange.com/questions/776039/intuition-behind-normal-subgroups/3732426#3732426. The removal does not generate any notifications to you unless you follow the page which would lead to infinite noise, and is extremely difficult to find out how to contact the other person. The removal justification is even somewhat ad hominem: how does he know Ciro Santilli is also not a professional Mathematician? :-) Maybe it is obvious because Ciro explains in a way that is understandable. Also removal makes no effort to contact original author. Of course, this is caused by the fact that there must also have been a bunch of useless edits not done by Ciro, and there is no reputation system to see if you should ignore a person or not immediately, so removal author has no patience anymore. This is what makes it impossible to contribute to Wikipedia: your stuff gets deleted at any time, and you don't know how to appeal it. Ciro is going to regret having written this rant after Daniel replies and shows the diagram is crap. But that would be better than not getting a reply and not learning that the diagram is crap.
rm a cryptic diagram (not understandable by a professional mathematician, without further explanations
- en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finite_field&type=revision&diff=1044934168&oldid=1044905041 on finite fields with edit comment "Obviously: X ≡ α". Discussion at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Finite_field#Concrete_simple_worked_out_example Some people simply don't know how to explain things to beginners, or don't think Wikipedia is where it should be done. One simply can't waste time fighting off those people, writing good tutorials is hard enough in itself without that fight.
- en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discrete_Fourier_transform&diff=1193622235&oldid=1193529573 by user Bob K. removed Ciro Santilli's awesome simple image of the Discrete Fourier transform as seen at en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discrete_Fourier_transform&oldid=1176616763:with message:
Hello. I am a retired electrical engineer, living near Washington,DC. Most of my contributions are in the area of DSP, where I have about 40 years of experience in applications on many different processors and architectures.
Thank you so much!!remove non-helpful image
Maybe it is a common thread that these old "experts" keep removing anything that is actually intelligible by beginners? Section "There is value in tutorials written by beginners"Also ranted at: x.com/cirosantilli/status/1808862417566290252
Figure 1. Source at: numpy/fft_plot.py. - when Ciro Santilli created Scott Hassan's page, he originally included mentions of his saucy divorce: en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scott_Hassan&oldid=1091706391 These were reverted by Scott's puppets three times, and Ciro and two other editors fought back. Finally, Ciro understood that Hassan's puppets were likely right about the removal because you can't talk about private matters of someone who is low profile:even if it is published in well known and reliable publications like the bloody New York Times. In this case, it is clear that most people wanted to see this information summarized on Wikipedia since others fought back Hassan's puppet. This is therefore a failure of Wikipedia to show what the people actually want to read about.This case is similar to the PsiQuantum one. Something is extremely well known in an important niche, and many people want to read about it. But because the average person does not know about this important subject, and you are limited about what you can write about it or not, thus hurting the people who want to know about it.
Notability constraints, which are are way too strict:There are even a Wikis that were created to remove notability constraints: Wiki without notability requirements.
- even information about important companies can be disputed. E.g. once Ciro Santilli tried to create a page for PsiQuantum, a startup with $650m in funding, and there was a deletion proposal because it did not contain verifiable sources not linked directly to information provided by the company itself: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/PsiQuantum Although this argument is correct, it is also true about 90% of everything that is on Wikipedia about any company. Where else can you get any information about a B2B company? Their clients are not going to say anything. Lawsuits and scandals are kind of the only possible source... In that case, the page was deleted with 2 votes against vs 3 votes for deletion.is very similar to Stack Exchange's own Stack Overflow content deletion issues. Ain't Nobody Got Time For That. "Ain't Nobody Got Time for That" actually has a Wiki page: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_Nobody_Got_Time_for_That. That's notable. Unlike a $600M+ company of course.
should we delete this extremely likely useful/correct content or not according to this extremely complex system of guidelines"
In December 2023 the page was re-created, and seemed to stick: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:PsiQuantum#Secondary_sources It's just a random going back and forth. Author Ctjk has an interesting background:I am a legal official at a major government antitrust agency. The only plausible connection is we regulate tech firms
For these reasons reason why Ciro basically only contributes images to Wikipedia: because they are either all in or all out, and you can determine which one of them it is. And this allows images to be more attributable, so people can actually see that it was Ciro that created a given amazing image, thus overcoming Wikipedia's lack of reputation system a little bit as well.
Wikipedia is perfect for things like biographies, geography, or history, which have a much more defined and subjective expository order. But when it comes to "tutorials of how to actually do stuff", which is what mathematics and physics are basically about, Wikipedia has a very hard time to go beyond dry definitions which are only useful for people who already half know the stuff. But to learn from zero, newbies need tutorials with intuition and examples.
Bibliography:
- gwern.net/inclusionism from gwern.net:
Iron Law of Bureaucracy: the downwards deletionism spiral discourages contribution and is how Wikipedia will die.
- Quote "Golden wiki vs Deletionism on Wikipedia"
A beer can pyramid is a fun and informal structure made by stacking empty or full beer cans to create a pyramid shape. This activity is often seen at parties, gatherings, or tailgating events as a light-hearted challenge or competition among friends. The process typically involves arranging the cans in a stable configuration, starting with a broad base and reducing the number of cans on each subsequent layer to create a pyramid effect.
The generalized mean, also known as the power mean, is a family of means (averages) that can be defined for a set of positive real numbers. It generalizes several types of means, including the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean, depending on the value of a parameter \( p \).
Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact