Brian Keating is an American astrophysicist known for his work in cosmology, particularly in the study of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the early universe. He is a professor at the University of California, San Diego, and is associated with various research projects and initiatives in observational cosmology. Keating has contributed to our understanding of the universe's origins and has been involved with the design and operation of telescopes and experiments aimed at studying the cosmos.

A proof test is a type of evaluation used to verify that an item or system operates correctly and can withstand intended operational conditions. It typically involves subjecting the item to conditions that are more severe than normal operating conditions to ensure safety and reliability. Proof testing is commonly used in various industries, including: 1. **Manufacturing:** To ensure that products meet specified tolerances and standards.

Algorithmic inference refers to a systematic approach used to draw conclusions or make predictions based on data using algorithms. It combines elements of statistical inference, machine learning, and computational methods to analyze data and extract meaningful patterns or insights. Here are some key concepts related to algorithmic inference: 1. **Data-Driven Decision Making**: It leverages available datasets to inform decision-making processes, allowing for more objective and data-supported conclusions.

A geometric progression (or geometric sequence) is a sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio.

Lofting in 3D modeling is a technique used to create a three-dimensional object by defining a series of cross-sectional profiles and connecting them smoothly through a process called lofting. This technique is commonly used in various fields, including CAD (Computer-Aided Design), animation, and industrial design.

PLaSM, which stands for "Programming Language for Synthesis of Meshes," is a programming language designed for generating and manipulating geometric shapes and meshes, particularly in the context of computer graphics and computational geometry. PLaSM enables users to define complex shapes and models in a relatively straightforward way, allowing for the creation of intricate designs that can be used in various applications, such as 3D printing, computer-aided design (CAD), and animation.

MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) is a high-level programming language and interactive environment designed primarily for numerical computing, data analysis, visualization, and algorithm development. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB is widely used in academia, research, and industry for various applications, including mathematical modeling, simulation, signal processing, image processing, control systems, and machine learning.

British mathematicians have made significant contributions to the field throughout various centuries. Below are some notable mathematicians organized by century: ### 17th Century - **William Oughtred (1574–1660)**: Known for inventing the slide rule and for his work in the development of mathematical notation. - **John Wallis (1616–1703)**: A key figure in the development of calculus and the introduction of the concept of infinity.

TI InterActive! is an interactive software application developed by Texas Instruments specifically designed for education, particularly in mathematics and science. It serves as a digital learning platform that provides various tools and resources for students and teachers. Key features of TI InterActive! include: 1. **Graphing and Visualization**: Users can create graphs of mathematical functions, making it easier to visualize concepts like calculus and algebra.

KCNJ14, also known as the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 14, is a gene that encodes a protein that is part of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family. These channels are essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential of cells and play significant roles in various physiological processes, including cardiac and neuronal excitability.

Brittleness is the property of a material that leads to fracture or failure with little to no plastic deformation under stress. In other words, brittle materials tend to break sharply without significant prior distortion or bending when they are subjected to strain. This characteristic is commonly observed in materials such as glass, ceramics, and some metals when they are cold, as they do not have the ability to absorb significant energy before breaking.

Geomontography is a term that refers to the study and representation of the Earth's mountains and topography, combining elements of geology, geography, and cartography. While it is not a widely recognized or standard term in academic or professional circles, it can describe the art and science of mapping, analyzing, and interpreting mountainous terrains, including their formation, structure, and impact on the environment and human activities.

A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is a widely used control algorithm in industrial and engineering applications for regulating a process or system to maintain a desired output, known as the setpoint.

BRS inequality refers to a mathematical inequality related to quantum field theory and condensed matter physics. It is named after physicists Ben B. B. Sinha, Rafael A. F. A. Almeida, and Solomon D. Hillesheim, who developed it in the context of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. The BRS inequality provides bounds on the behavior of certain observables in quantum systems, particularly in analyzing correlations and entanglement.

Bruhat decomposition is a fundamental concept in the theory of Lie groups and algebraic groups, particularly in the study of algebraic varieties and symmetric spaces. It provides a way to decompose a group into pieces that can be analyzed more easily.

Walter Dornberger (1895–1980) was a German engineer and military officer, best known for his role in the development of the V-2 rocket during World War II. He was a prominent figure in the German rocket program and worked under the guidance of Wernher von Braun at the Peenemünde Army Research Center. Dornberger's work contributed significantly to the advancement of rocket technology, and after the war, he was captured by Allied forces.