NEMA stands for the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. In the context of electric motors and machinery, NEMA refers to standards that specify the design, performance, and testing of electric motors and associated equipment. NEMA defines various motor classifications, such as NEMA frame sizes, efficiency ratings, and enclosure types. NEMA motor designs are commonly used in various industrial applications, and the standards help ensure compatibility and reliability across different manufacturers and applications.

HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Algebraic and Number-Theoretic Applications) is a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that allows computation on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. Developed by researchers including Zhandry, and based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem, HEAAN is particularly suited for applications in cryptographic protocols and privacy-preserving data analysis.

A pseudorandom permutation is a mathematical construct used in cryptography and computer science, which serves to mimic the properties of a truly random permutation. A permutation is a rearrangement of elements in a specific order, and a pseudorandom permutation has two main characteristics: 1. **Deterministic**: A pseudorandom permutation is created by a specific algorithm that takes an input (the key) and generates a fixed permutation of the input data.

A garbled circuit is a cryptographic technique used in secure multiparty computation (SMPC) that allows one party to compute a function on private inputs while keeping those inputs hidden from the other party. The technique was introduced by Andrew Yao in the 1980s and is considered an important foundation for secure two-party computation.

Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE) is a cryptographic protocol designed to securely exchange encryption keys between parties over an insecure channel. The primary goal of EKE is to ensure that the key exchange process itself is secure and resistant to various forms of attacks, including eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. ### Key Features of Encrypted Key Exchange: 1. **Confidentiality**: EKE ensures that the encryption keys exchanged during the protocol cannot be intercepted by unauthorized parties.

Enrollment over Secure Transport (EoST) is a protocol designed to facilitate secure enrollment of devices in a network, specifically in scenarios involving device management or provisioning. It enhances security during the enrollment process by ensuring that sensitive information is transmitted securely over the network. EoST typically utilizes Transport Layer Security (TLS) to provide a secure communication channel, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering.

Firefly is a key exchange protocol designed to securely establish shared keys between parties over a potentially insecure communication channel. It's part of a broader category of cryptographic protocols known as key exchange protocols, which allow two or more parties to generate a shared secret that can be used for encryption or authentication, without the need to exchange the secret itself directly. One of the notable features of Firefly is its emphasis on efficiency and computational security, especially in environments with limited resources or specific requirements for speed and bandwidth.

Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) is a standard for providing secure email communication. It was developed in the early 1990s to enhance the privacy and security of email messages. PEM employs various cryptographic techniques to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of email messages. The key features of Privacy-Enhanced Mail include: 1. **Encryption**: PEM uses cryptographic algorithms to encrypt email content, ensuring that only the intended recipients can read the messages.

OpenPGP is an open standard for data encryption and digital signatures, which is defined by the IETF in the RFC 4880 document. It is based on the original PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) program developed by Phil Zimmermann in the early 1990s. OpenPGP allows users to secure the confidentiality and integrity of their communications and data through encryption and to verify the identity of the entities involved through digital signatures.

ACE Encrypt is a digital encryption technology that is designed to provide secure data protection and confidentiality. While specific details about ACE Encrypt may vary based on its implementation or the organization that developed it, it typically involves cryptographic techniques to encrypt data, ensuring that only authorized users can access and read the protected information. In general, encryption methods like ACE Encrypt might include: 1. **Symmetric Encryption**: Where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.

The Crypto API (often referred to as CryptoAPI) in Linux is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for cryptographic operations. It allows developers to integrate various cryptographic algorithms into the applications they build, providing essential functionality like encryption, decryption, hashing, and more. ### Key Features of Linux Crypto API: 1. **Modularity**: The Crypto API is designed to be modular, allowing developers to choose from a wide variety of cryptographic algorithms and implementations.

Xx Messenger appears to be a messaging application, but as of my last update in October 2023, there was no widely known app by that exact name. It’s possible that it could be a newer or lesser-known messaging app, or it might refer to a specific feature or a version of another established messenger.

Whisper Systems is a software company known for developing secure communication software. Founded by Moxie Marlinspike and others, it gained prominence for creating the Signal app, which offers end-to-end encrypted messaging and voice calls. The Signal Protocol, developed by Whisper Systems, is widely regarded for its security and is implemented in various messaging platforms to protect user privacy. The company emphasizes the importance of open-source software and privacy, allowing users to communicate securely without fear of surveillance.

The term "Iraqi block cipher" does not refer to a widely recognized or standardized cryptographic algorithm in the public domain. However, it may refer to a cryptographic algorithm or method developed in Iraq or used by Iraqi entities for securing communications. Block ciphers, in general, are a type of symmetric key cipher that encrypts data in fixed-size blocks (usually 64 or 128 bits) using a specific key.

National Vigilance Park is a dedicated area in India that highlights the importance of vigilance and integrity in combating corruption. Located in New Delhi, it serves as a memorial and educational space, emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability in public services. The park features various sculptures, inscriptions, and informational displays that raise awareness about the issues of corruption and the role of citizens and officials in promoting ethical governance.

The Naval Security Group (NSG) was a former component of the United States Navy that specialized in electronic warfare and signals intelligence (SIGINT). Established during World War II, the NSG's primary mission was to gather, analyze, and disseminate intelligence derived from intercepted communications and electronic signals. This information was critical for naval operations and national security.

IEEE 802.1AE is a standard defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for Media Access Control (MAC) Security. It is part of the IEEE 802 family of networking standards and is specifically aimed at providing security features at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. The primary purpose of IEEE 802.1AE is to offer confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity for the data frames transmitted over local area networks (LANs).

Concrete security typically refers to the practical and implementable measures taken to protect systems, networks, and data from cyber threats. The term emphasizes actionable security strategies and solutions rather than theoretical frameworks or abstract security concepts. Here are some key aspects of concrete security: 1. **Practical Implementations**: Concrete security focuses on tools and processes that can be deployed in real-world scenarios, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and encryption technologies.

Prediction of crystal properties by numerical simulation refers to the use of computational methods to model and analyze the structural, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of crystals. This approach leverages numerical algorithms and simulations to provide insights that are often difficult or impossible to obtain through experimental techniques. The primary methods used in such simulations include: 1. **Density Functional Theory (DFT)**: A quantum mechanical modeling method used to investigate the electronic structure of many-body systems.

Mineral habits refer to the characteristic external shape and physical structure that minerals exhibit when they crystallize. This term encompasses the overall appearance, form, and arrangement of the mineral's crystals, including features such as size, shape, and aggregation patterns. Mineral habits can vary widely, and they are often categorized into several types, including: 1. **Crystalline**: Minerals that form distinct, well-defined crystal shapes. Examples include quartz and pyrite.