Harry Grindell Matthews (1886–1965) was a British inventor and entrepreneur known for his work in the field of early radio technology. He gained notoriety for developing various inventions related to radio communications and wireless technology during the early 20th century. Matthews is particularly remembered for his attempts to create devices that could transmit and receive wireless signals over long distances, including efforts to develop a wireless telephone.

Alfred Lawson was an American aviation pioneer, businessman, and inventor active in the early 20th century. He is perhaps best known for developing the Lawson Airliner, which he promoted as a revolutionary aircraft design. Lawson also founded the Lawson Aviation Corporation and was involved in various ventures throughout his career, including efforts to advance the field of aviation and promote air travel. In addition to his work in aviation, Lawson was also known for his eccentric ideas and beliefs, which sometimes garnered criticism.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, I don't have any specific information on "Arthur Patschke." It’s possible that he is not a widely known public figure or his relevance may be limited to specific fields or locales.

The "Gunslinger effect" typically refers to a phenomenon observed in competitive environments, particularly in fields like sports or gaming, where individuals or teams make aggressive decisions or take high-risk actions in response to pressure or to compensate for perceived shortcomings. This term can also appear in contexts like trading or investments, where participants might overreach or take bold risks after a series of losses or failures.

Stefan Marinov was a Bulgarian-born physicist and entrepreneur known for his work in the fields of gravitational physics and alternative energy. Born in 1933, he emigrated to the United States where he became involved in various scientific endeavors. Marinov is perhaps best known for his controversial claims regarding the nature of gravity and his experiments aimed at demonstrating the effects of gravitational waves.

Psychoacoustics is the study of the psychological and physiological responses associated with sound. It explores how humans perceive, interpret, and react to various aspects of sound, including pitch, loudness, timbre, and spatial location. This interdisciplinary field combines principles from psychology, acoustics, and neuroscience to understand the relationship between sound waves and human perception.

The odor detection threshold is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be detected by the human sense of smell. It is the lowest level at which a particular odor can be perceived, and it can vary widely depending on the substance, the individual's sensitivity, and environmental factors. In scientific studies, the odor detection threshold is often quantified in terms of parts per million (ppm), milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³), or other relevant units, depending on the context.

A second-order stimulus, also known as a conditioned stimulus, refers to a stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through a process called second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (US) naturally elicits a response (unconditioned response, UR) without prior learning, such as food causing salivation in dogs.

The Stroop effect is a psychological phenomenon that demonstrates the interference in reaction times when the processing of one type of information is disrupted by conflicting information from another type. It is most commonly illustrated through the Stroop color-naming task. In a typical Stroop task, participants are presented with words that are names of colors (e.g., "red," "blue," "green") printed in ink that is either congruent (e.g.

Pythagorean philosophy, attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE) and his followers, is a rich and multifaceted system of thought that blends mathematics, mysticism, ethics, and religion. Here are some key components of Pythagorean philosophy: 1. **Mathematics and Numbers**: Pythagoreans believed that numbers were the fundamental reality of the universe and that they held metaphysical significance.

A Lambert series is a type of mathematical series named after the mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert. It is defined in a particular form, usually involving a power series with specific coefficients. The general form of a Lambert series can be expressed as: \[ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n q^n}{1 - q^n} \] where \( |q| < 1 \) is a complex variable.

A conditional quantifier is a type of logical quantifier that expresses a condition under which a statement is true. In formal logic, quantifiers are used to indicate the scope of a term and can significantly change the meaning of statements. The most common quantifiers are: 1. **Universal Quantifier (∀)**: This asserts that a statement is true for all elements in a specified set.

The Lindström quantifier is a type of quantifier used in mathematical logic, particularly in model theory and infinitary logic. It generalizes standard logical quantifiers like the existential quantifier (∃) and universal quantifier (∀) in a way that allows for the expression of more complex properties than those expressible in first-order logic. The Lindström quantifiers can be seen within the context of the study of logical languages that allow for infinite conjunctions and disjunctions.

Quantifier variance is a concept in the field of philosophy, particularly in the areas of formal semantics and metaphysics. It refers to the idea that different quantifiers (like "all," "some," or "none") can have different interpretations or meanings depending on the context in which they are used. This can affect the truth conditions of statements involving those quantifiers. The notion is particularly important in discussions of modal logic and the philosophy of language.

AM1* (also referred to as AM1 or Austin Model 1) is a semi-empirical quantum chemistry method used for molecular modeling and calculations. It's an extension of the original AM1 method, which was developed to provide a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy for large molecules, particularly organic compounds. The AM1 method simplifies the quantum mechanical calculations by using empirical parameters derived from experimental data, allowing for the approximation of molecular orbitals and electronic structures.

Complete Active Space (CAS) is a concept used in quantum chemistry and computational chemistry to deal with electron correlation in many-body systems. It involves the selection of a specific subset of molecular orbitals considered "active" for the computational treatment of electrons while the rest of the orbitals are treated in a different way (often as filled or unfilled orbitals).

The double-exchange mechanism is a concept in solid-state physics and materials science that explains the behavior of electrons in certain types of materials, particularly in relation to ferromagnetism and electron transport. It describes how the movement of one type of electron can be coupled with the spin state of another electron, leading to unique magnetic and electrical properties.

MINDO, which stands for MInimal N-on-Diagonal Order, is a theoretical model used in computational chemistry, specifically for estimating molecular energies and properties. It is part of the larger family of semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods, which simplify the computational process by approximating certain integrals and parameters based on experimental data or simpler calculations.