Jackie Stedall is a mathematician known for her contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in the areas of algebra and mathematics education. Additionally, she is recognized for her work in promoting mathematics through various initiatives and her involvement with mathematical societies.

Karl Pearson (1857–1936) was a British mathematician and statistician who is often referred to as one of the founding figures of modern statistics. He made significant contributions to the field, including the development of the Pearson correlation coefficient, a measure of the linear correlation between two variables. Pearson's work laid the groundwork for various statistical methods and theories. He also played a key role in the establishment of statistical curves and hypothesis testing.

Muriel Seltman appears to be a figure not widely known or documented as of my last update in October 2023. It's possible that she might be a private individual or a local figure without extensive public recognition.

Italian historians of mathematics have contributed significantly to the understanding and dissemination of mathematical ideas and developments throughout history, particularly those stemming from Italy. The study of the history of mathematics in Italy often involves examining the contributions of famous mathematicians, the evolution of mathematical concepts, and the cultural and intellectual contexts in which these developments occurred.

The term "19th century in computing" typically refers to the foundational ideas and early mechanical devices that laid the groundwork for the field of computing as we know it today.

20th-century software refers to computer programs and applications that were developed during the 20th century, primarily between the 1940s and the end of the century in 1999. This period witnessed the evolution of software from early machine code to more sophisticated high-level programming languages and operating systems.

Ancient Greek logicians were philosophers and thinkers in ancient Greece who studied the principles of reasoning and argumentation. This intellectual tradition primarily emerged in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE and laid the groundwork for formal logic as we understand it today. The most notable figure in Ancient Greek logic is Aristotle (384–322 BCE), who is often considered the father of formal logic. He developed the syllogism, a form of deductive reasoning that involves drawing conclusions from premises.

Diæresis (sometimes written as "diaeresis") is a diacritical mark that consists of two dots placed over a vowel. In English, it is often used to indicate that two adjacent vowels should be pronounced separately rather than as a single sound. For example, in the word "naïve," the diæresis over the "i" indicates that it should be pronounced distinctly from the "a" rather than creating a diphthong.

Herbert Gintis is an American economist and social scientist known for his work in various fields, including economics, evolutionary biology, and social theory. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to behavioral economics and the development of a theoretical framework that combines insights from economics and sociology. Gintis has collaborated with other prominent scholars, most notably Samuel Bowles, with whom he co-authored the book "A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution.

"Paramartha" is a term primarily used in Buddhist philosophy and Indian philosophy, which refers to the ultimate truth or reality. It is often contrasted with "samvrti," which means conventional or empirical truth. In Buddhist teachings, paramartha represents the deep, intrinsic nature of reality that transcends ordinary perceptions and concepts.

The "Law of Thought" often refers to the fundamental principles or laws that underpin logical reasoning and rational discourse. Traditionally, there are three classical laws of thought in Western philosophy, which are essential for coherent and logical reasoning: 1. **Law of Identity**: This law states that an object is the same as itself. In symbolic form, it can be expressed as \( A = A \). This principle asserts that if something is true, then it is true.

Rod calculus is a theoretical framework used for modeling and analyzing the behavior of specific types of mechanical systems, particularly those comprised of rods, beams, or similar structures. It provides a mathematical means to describe the interactions and motion of these elements under various forces and constraints. This approach is often applied in fields such as robotics, structural engineering, and biomechanics.

Mathematicians come from various nationalities around the world, reflecting the global nature of mathematics as a discipline. Here are some notable mathematicians categorized by their nationality: 1. **German**: - Karl Friedrich Gauss - David Hilbert - Bernhard Riemann 2. **French**: - Pierre-Simon Laplace - Henri Poincaré - Évariste Galois 3.

In mathematics, the term "1950s" usually refers to the decade that brought significant developments and progress across various fields of mathematical research and education. During the 1950s: 1. **Set Theory and Logic**: The foundations of set theory, particularly as developed by mathematicians like Paul Cohen and others, were expanded. Cohen's work on the independence of the continuum hypothesis would come later, but the foundational ideas were being explored.