Theory that gases are made up of a bunch of small billiard balls that don't interact with each other.

This theory attempts to deduce/explain properties of matter such as the equation of state in terms of classical mechanics.

Engineering analysis is a systematic process used to evaluate and solve problems in engineering contexts. It involves applying mathematical and scientific principles to understand the behavior of systems, materials, and processes, helping engineers to design, optimize, and improve products and systems. Key components of engineering analysis include: 1. **Problem Definition**: Clearly identifying the problem to be solved or the question to be answered. 2. **Modeling**: Creating mathematical or computational models that represent the physical system or process.

Hydrogen pinch refers to a situation in the hydrogen economy or hydrogen supply chain where there is a significant imbalance between hydrogen supply and demand. This can occur when demand for hydrogen exceeds the available supply, leading to increased prices and potential shortages. The concept of a "pinch" is commonly used in resource and energy economics to describe constraints on supply that can impact pricing and availability.

Psychopolitical validity is a concept that merges psychological insights with political theory to evaluate how personal experiences and identities intersect with broader political contexts. It emphasizes understanding how individual psychological factors—such as emotions, motivations, and beliefs—inform and are informed by political beliefs and actions. The term reflects a recognition of the interplay between the psyche and political systems, suggesting that personal experiences of oppression, identity formation, and social interactions can shape political attitudes and behaviors.

In philosophy, the term "state of affairs" refers to the way the world is at a particular time, often in relation to the existence or non-existence of certain facts, conditions, or situations. The concept is primarily associated with the fields of metaphysics and philosophy of language. A state of affairs comprises a specific arrangement of objects and their properties, as well as the relationships that hold between them.

Most applications of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution confirm the theory, but don't give a very direct proof of its curve.

Here we will try to gather some that do.

Spin structure is a concept from topology and theoretical physics that arises in the context of manifold theory, particularly in relation to spin manifolds. In mathematics, a spin structure is typically defined on a manifold that enables the definition of spinors, which are mathematical objects that generalize the notion of complex numbers and vectors.

Measured particle speeds with a rotation barrel! OMG, pre electromagnetism equipment?

Is it the same as Zartman Ko experiment? TODO find the relevant papers.

edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/48089/course/section/16461/qsp_chapter7-boltzman.pdf mentions

Start by looking at: Maxwell-Boltzmann vs Bose-Einstein vs Fermi-Dirac statistics.

Start by looking at: Maxwell-Boltzmann vs Bose-Einstein vs Fermi-Dirac statistics.

Bibliography:

This is not a truly "fundamental" constant of nature like say the speed of light or the Planck constant.

Rather, it is just a definition of our Kelvin temperature scale, linking average microscopic energy to our macroscopic temperature scale.

The way to think about that link is, at 1 Kelvin, each particle has average energy:per degree of freedom.

This is why the units of the Boltzmann constant are Joules per Kelvin.

For an ideal monatomic gas, say helium, there are 3 degrees of freedom. so each helium atom has average energy:

If we have 2 atoms at 1 K, they will have average energy $6/2k_{B}J$, and so on.

Another conclusion is that this defines temperature as being proportional to the total energy. E.g. if we had 1 helium atom at 2 K then we would have about $6/2k_{B}J$ energy, 3 K $9/2k_{B}J$ and so on.

This energy is of course just an average: some particles have more, and others less, following the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.