Horace Holl may not be a widely recognized figure or term, as there doesn't appear to be any significant information or notable references about someone or something by that name in public knowledge up to October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a lesser-known individual or a specific context not broadly covered in historical or current events.

Michael Plank is not a widely recognized figure in public knowledge as of my last training cut-off in October 2023. However, if you are referring to a specific individual, such as an academic or professional in a certain field, could you please provide more context? There might be notable individuals or researchers with that name, but without additional details, it is difficult to provide accurate information.

John Grue is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly in the areas of set theory and mathematical philosophy. He is best known for his work on self-reference and paradoxes, notably related to the concepts of indiscernibility and the foundation of mathematics. One of the more unconventional aspects associated with Grue is the thought experiment involving the "grue" predicate in epistemology and philosophy of science.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there isn't widely available information on an individual named Arne Sletsjøe. It's possible that he may be a private individual or a person not widely covered in public sources. If you have a specific context or field in which he is relevant (such as literature, science, sports, etc.

Ralph Tambs Lyche was a prominent Norwegian psychologist known for his work in various fields within psychology, including clinical psychology and psychotherapy. He was born in 1938 and made significant contributions to the understanding of personality, stress, and the psychological aspects of health and illness. In addition to his research and clinical work, Lyche may be recognized for his involvement in academic and professional organizations within Norway and internationally.

"Ibn Adlan" may not refer to a widely recognized concept, individual, or term in prominent historical, literary, or cultural contexts based on the data available up until October 2023. It could be a misspelling or variation of the name "Ibn Khaldun," a well-known Arab historian and philosopher, or possibly a lesser-known figure.

Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi, also known as Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Samarqandi, was a prominent Persian scholar and mathematician who lived during the 11th century. He is particularly known for his contributions to the field of mathematics, especially in the area of geometry and algebra. One of his notable works is the "Al-Muhit," which is an extensive treatise on mathematics that addressed various topics including geometry and arithmetic.

The 13th century was a significant period for mathematics in England, though the country was not as prominent in mathematical development as other parts of Europe, such as Italy or the Islamic world. However, there were a few key figures and developments during this time.

Instrumentalism is a philosophical perspective particularly associated with the philosophy of science and the philosophy of language. It emphasizes the practical utility of theories and concepts primarily as tools for predicting and controlling phenomena, rather than as definitive descriptions of reality. Here are some key points about instrumentalism: 1. **Theory as Tools**: Instrumentalism suggests that scientific theories should be regarded as instruments or tools for organizing experiences and facilitating predictions, rather than as literal truth statements about the world.

Overlapping consensus is a concept developed by political philosopher John Rawls in his work "A Theory of Justice" and further elaborated in "Political Liberalism." It refers to a situation in a pluralistic society where individuals or groups with diverse comprehensive doctrines (such as differing religious, philosophical, or moral beliefs) can agree on certain fundamental political principles or norms that govern society.

The private language argument is a philosophical concept primarily associated with the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly in his later writings, most notably in "Philosophical Investigations." The argument is typically used to challenge the notion that it is possible to have a language that is entirely private—that is, a language that can be understood by only one individual, without any reference to shared public criteria or communal usage.

"Translators of Noam Chomsky" typically refers to the individuals or scholars who translate the works of Noam Chomsky, the prominent linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and social critic. Chomsky's writings, particularly those related to linguistics, political theory, and media analysis, have been translated into many languages to reach a global audience.

Reason can be understood in several contexts, each with different implications: 1. **Philosophical Context**: In philosophy, reason refers to the capacity for logical thought and rational judgment. It involves the ability to derive conclusions from premises, to evaluate arguments, and to make decisions based on evidence and logic. Philosophers like Descartes, Kant, and Hume have explored the nature of reason, its limitations, and its role in human understanding and ethics.

The concept of the "evil demon" is most famously associated with the philosopher René Descartes, particularly in his work "Meditations on First Philosophy." In this context, the evil demon is a hypothetical being that is capable of deceiving an individual to the extent that it causes them to doubt the existence of the external world and even their own thoughts and perceptions. Descartes introduced the evil demon to explore skepticism and the extent to which knowledge can be certain.

Impermanence is a fundamental concept often associated with Buddhism, but it appears in various philosophical and spiritual traditions. It refers to the idea that all things are in a constant state of change and that nothing lasts forever. This notion emphasizes that all phenomena—whether physical, emotional, or conceptual—are transient and subject to the forces of birth, decay, and ultimately dissolution. In a broader sense, impermanence highlights the fleeting nature of life and experiences.

Liminality is a concept derived from anthropology, particularly from the work of Victor Turner, who studied rituals and social transitions. The term refers to a transitional phase in which an individual or group exists between two states of being. During this phase, participants are no longer in their previous state, but have not yet transitioned to their next state. This period is often characterized by ambiguity, disorientation, and the dissolution of normal social hierarchies and structures.

Praxis is a term that originates from ancient Greek and is often used to describe the process of putting theory into practice. In various contexts, it signifies the practical application of knowledge, skills, or theories within a specific field. Here are a few contexts in which praxis is often discussed: 1. **Philosophy and Ethics**: In philosophical discourse, particularly in the works of thinkers like Aristotle, praxis refers to action that is guided by ethical considerations and practical wisdom.

The term "Qing," when related to philosophy, often refers to concepts in Chinese thought, particularly during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). The Qing Dynasty was marked by the consolidation of Confucianism as the state philosophy, alongside the influences of other philosophical traditions such as Daoism and Buddhism.

The force of mortality, often denoted by the symbol \( \mu(x) \), is a concept in actuarial science and demography that describes the instantaneous rate of mortality or the hazard function at a given age \( x \). It measures the likelihood that an individual at age \( x \) will die in an infinitesimally small interval of time, given that they have survived up to that age.

IFRS 17, or International Financial Reporting Standards 17, is a standard issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of insurance contracts. It came into effect on January 1, 2023, replacing the previous standard, IFRS 4, which allowed a wide variety of approaches to insurance contract accounting.