Bragg's law is a fundamental principle in the field of crystallography and X-ray diffraction. It relates the angles at which X-rays are diffracted by a crystalline material to the spacing between its atomic planes. The law is named after William Lawrence Bragg and his father, William Henry Bragg, who formulated it in 1913.

A diffraction-limited system refers to an optical system that is limited in resolution by the diffraction of light rather than by other factors such as optical aberrations or imperfections in the optical components. In such systems, the smallest details that can be resolved are determined by the wavelength of light being used and the numerical aperture of the optical system.

As of my last update in October 2023, "Discoveries" by Karl Lohnert does not appear to be a widely recognized book or publication. It's possible that it could be a lesser-known work, a recent publication, or specific to a niche interest area that may not have garnered significant attention in broader literary or academic circles.

Fresnel diffraction is a type of wave diffraction that occurs when a wavefront encounters an obstacle or aperture with dimensions comparable to its wavelength. It is named after the French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, who developed the theory to better understand the behavior of light.

A Laser Voltage Prober (LVP) is a specialized piece of equipment used in the field of semiconductor testing and characterization. It combines the principles of laser technology with electrical measurement techniques to provide high-precision voltage measurements on integrated circuits (ICs) and other electronic components. Here's how it generally works: 1. **Laser Technology**: The LVP uses a focused laser beam to illuminate specific areas of a semiconductor device.

A multifocal diffractive lens is an optical device designed to provide multiple focal points, allowing it to focus light at different distances. This type of lens is mainly used in applications like eyeglasses, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses for cataract surgery. Here’s how it works: 1. **Diffractive Optics**: The lens incorporates microstructures on its surface that manipulate the light through diffraction.

The Euler operator is a concept from digital geometry, which deals with the study of geometric properties of shapes represented in a digital form, such as those found in computer graphics, image processing, and mathematical morphology. The Euler operator is used to calculate an important topological invariant known as the Euler characteristic of a digital object.

A gradually varied surface refers to a surface whose elevation or slope changes gradually over a certain distance. This term is often used in the context of hydrology, civil engineering, and fluid mechanics to describe surfaces like riverbeds, terrain, or other landscapes that exhibit subtle but consistent changes in height or depth. When analyzing flow over a gradually varied surface, engineers and scientists often focus on how these variations impact water movement, sediment transport, and other related processes.

Strain scanning is a technique used to measure and analyze the strain (deformation) experienced by materials when subjected to external forces or environmental changes. It is commonly applied in fields such as materials science, structural engineering, and geophysics to assess how materials or structures respond under stress.

Wavelets are mathematical functions that can be used to represent data or functions in a way that captures both frequency and location information. They are particularly effective for analyzing signals and images, especially when the signals have discontinuities or sharp changes. ### Key Features of Wavelets: 1. **Multiresolution Analysis**: Wavelets allow for the analysis of data at different levels of detail or resolutions.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "Colossus Bridge 4" does not appear to be a widely recognized video game title. It's possible that it may be an indie game, a project that has been recently released, or a title that hasn't gained significant attention by that time.

HB Arcade Cards is a collection of digital card games developed by HB Studios, designed specifically for the PlayStation Portable (PSP). The game features a variety of classic card games like Solitaire, Poker, and Blackjack, along with unique variations and modes. Players can enjoy single-player or multiplayer experiences, and the games often include customizable options and settings to enhance gameplay.

Canberra distance is a metric used to measure the distance between two points in a multidimensional space, particularly for non-negative data. It is particularly useful in situations where the data may have different scales or when dealing with sparse data. The Canberra distance emphasizes the contributions of smaller values in the datasets, making it more sensitive to differences in low-value dimensions.

Morphological skeleton, often referred to simply as "skeletonization" in the context of image processing and computer vision, is a technique used in morphological image analysis. The purpose of morphological skeletons is to extract the essential structure of shapes in binary images (images composed of two colors, typically black and white) while reducing them to their simplest form.

The term "topological skeleton" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Generally, it relates to the idea of simplifying or representing a complex structure in a way that captures its essential features while reducing unnecessary complexity.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1998 that aims to enhance the protection of copyrighted materials in the digital age. One of the key provisions of the DMCA is the mechanism for copyright holders to request the removal or "takedown" of infringing content from online platforms.

Digital copyright refers to the legal protections granted to creators and owners of digital content, such as texts, images, music, videos, and software, in the digital environment. It encompasses the rights to control the reproduction, distribution, and public display of their work in online and electronic formats. Here are some key aspects of digital copyright: 1. **Ownership**: Digital copyright typically resides with the creator of the content, though it can be transferred or shared through contracts or licensing agreements.

A Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filter is a type of digital filter commonly used in signal processing applications, especially in hardware implementations where a large number of taps (filter coefficients) would be computationally expensive or impractical. CIC filters are particularly useful for operations like decimation (downsampling) and interpolation (upsampling). ### Key Characteristics: 1. **Structure**: - A CIC filter consists of two main components: an integrator section followed by a comb section.

Discrete transforms are mathematical operations that convert discrete signals or data sequences from one domain to another, most commonly from the time domain to a frequency domain. This transformation allows for easier analysis, processing, and manipulation of the data, particularly for tasks such as filtering, compression, and feature extraction.

Multidimensional signal processing refers to the analysis and manipulation of signals that vary over more than one dimension. While traditional signal processing typically deals with one-dimensional signals, such as audio waveforms or time series data, multidimensional signal processing expands this concept to include signals that have multiple dimensions. The most common examples include: 1. **Two-Dimensional Signals**: These are often images or video frames, where each pixel represents a signal value.