Magicplan is a mobile application designed for creating floor plans and 3D models of spaces using augmented reality (AR) technology. It allows users to measure and design interior spaces by simply taking photos or scanning the area with their mobile device's camera. The app is popular among architects, interior designers, real estate professionals, and homeowners for its ease of use and efficiency in generating accurate floor plans.

Graphisoft MEP Modeler is a software application that is part of Graphisoft's BIM (Building Information Modeling) ecosystem, specifically tailored for the design and modeling of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems within building projects. It offers tools and features that allow engineers and designers to create detailed MEP models that can be integrated with architectural and structural elements.

Grasshopper 3D is a visual programming language and plugin for Rhino, a popular 3D computer graphics and computer-aided design (CAD) software. Grasshopper allows users to create complex forms and algorithms through a node-based interface, where components are linked together to define rules and relationships for 3D modeling. Key features of Grasshopper include: 1. **Parametric Design**: Users can create models that can be easily modified by changing parameters.

Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) refers to a comprehensive approach that combines various computer-aided manufacturing technologies and software systems to streamline and enhance the entire production process, from design to manufacturing to distribution. ICAM aims to integrate different aspects of manufacturing, including: 1. **Computer-Aided Design (CAD)**: Software tools for designing products and components, allowing for the creation of detailed 2D and 3D models.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software has a rich history that spans several decades, reflecting advancements in technology and changes in design needs across various industries, including architecture, engineering, and manufacturing. Here's an overview of the evolution of CAD software: ### 1960s: The Birth of CAD - **Early Concepts**: The origins of CAD can be traced back to the early 1960s when researchers began to use computers for design purposes.

Modelur is a software tool designed for urban modeling and planning. It allows users to create 3D urban designs and visualize projects in real-time. The platform is aimed at architects, urban planners, and developers, providing them with features to assess the impact of different design scenarios on urban spaces. Modelur integrates geospatial data and can be used to generate zoning analyses, site simulations, and other assessments crucial for effective urban planning.

The National Development Programme in Computer Aided Learning (NDPCAL) is an initiative aimed at enhancing the quality of education through the integration of technology in learning processes. While details may vary by country or educational context, the core objectives of such a program typically include: 1. **Integration of Technology in Education**: Promoting the use of computer-aided learning tools to facilitate and enhance learning experiences for students at various educational levels.

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is a methodology that integrates digital modeling, simulation, and various technologies to enhance the design, planning, and management of construction projects. It combines elements of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with project management techniques to improve collaboration among stakeholders, optimize workflows, and increase efficiency in the construction process.

A Computer Algebra System (CAS) is a software platform that facilitates symbolic mathematical computations, allowing users to perform tasks such as simplification, differentiation, integration, factorization, and solving equations analytically rather than numerically. For Linux users, there are several popular CAS software options available: 1. **SageMath**: - SageMath is a comprehensive open-source mathematics software system that integrates a wide range of mathematics tools and libraries, including those for algebra, calculus, and more.

A Computer Algebra System (CAS) is software that facilitates symbolic mathematics, allowing users to perform algebraic operations, manipulate mathematical expressions, and solve equations symbolically rather than numerically. These systems are useful for tasks such as simplification, differentiation, integration, factorization, and more, often with the capability to handle complex mathematical problems.

A Computer Algebra System (CAS) is software that provides tools for symbolic mathematics, allowing users to perform algebraic computations, manipulate mathematical expressions, solve equations, and much more. For macOS, several popular CAS options are available, including: 1. **Mathematica**: A powerful CAS developed by Wolfram Research, known for its extensive capabilities in symbolic and numerical mathematics, visualization, and programming.

FORM is a symbolic manipulation system that is primarily used for algebraic computations, particularly in the context of high-energy physics and theoretical physics. It allows users to perform symbolic operations such as differentiation, expansion, simplification, and generation of tensor algebra expressions. FORM is designed to handle large-scale computations that are often required in particle physics, including calculations related to Feynman diagrams and scattering processes. FORM utilizes a programming language that is optimized for performing mathematical manipulations efficiently.

The HP 49/50 series refers to a line of graphing calculators produced by Hewlett-Packard (HP), specifically the HP 49G, HP 49G+, HP 50G, and related models. These calculators are known for their advanced features and capabilities, making them popular among engineering, mathematics, and science students as well as professionals.

A chess engine is a computer program or software designed to play chess, analyze chess positions, and provide evaluations of moves. Chess engines use algorithms to calculate potential moves and assess their strengths, often employing techniques from artificial intelligence to simulate human-like strategic thinking. Key features of chess engines include: 1. **Move Calculation**: Chess engines evaluate positions and generate a list of possible moves, often calculating many moves ahead (known as "depth").

"Anti-computer tactics" is not a widely recognized term in most technical or academic literature, but it could refer to various strategies or approaches used to counter the influence or capabilities of computers and digital technologies. Here are a few interpretations of what this might involve: 1. **Cybersecurity**: Tactics employed to thwart cyber-attacks and protect against malicious software or unauthorized access to computer systems. This could include firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems, and employee training on security best practices.

Computational complexity refers to the analysis of the resources required to solve computational problems. When discussing mathematical operations, computational complexity typically focuses on two primary resources: time (how long it takes to compute a result) and space (how much memory is required). Here are some common mathematical operations and their computational complexities: 1. **Addition and Subtraction**: - Complexity: \(O(n)\), where \(n\) is the number of digits in the numbers being added or subtracted.

The Schönhage–Strassen algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm for large integers. It is named after its inventors, Christoph Schönhage and Volker Strassen, who introduced it in 1971. The algorithm is significant in computational number theory and computer algebra systems because it offers a way to multiply very large integers more efficiently than the conventional grade-school multiplication method, or even faster than the classical Karatsuba multiplication algorithm.

The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a UK-based professional body that represents individuals and organizations involved in the fields of materials science, minerals, and mining. It serves as a key institution for professionals, offering various services such as professional accreditation, networking opportunities, and access to resources aimed at advancing knowledge and practice in these sectors. The IOM3 promotes the importance of materials and minerals in various industries, emphasizing their role in innovation, sustainability, and economic development.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 1979. One notable example is **Data General Corporation**, which faced significant challenges and competition during this period. Another example is **Computer Automation**, which was known for its business computers but ultimately went out of business.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 1982. One notable example is **Data General**, a major player in the minicomputer market during the 1970s. Although it continued to exist in some capacity beyond 1982, its decline began in earnest after this time, and it struggled to maintain competitiveness against emerging microcomputer technologies. Another example is **Symmetric Computer Systems**, which also faced challenges during this period.