The Riabouchinsky solid is a theoretical concept in the field of continuum mechanics, specifically in the study of plasticity and material behavior under pressure. It is named after the Russian scientist and engineer Alexander M. Riabouchinsky, who contributed to the development of the theory of plasticity in materials.

Seeding in fluid dynamics refers to the introduction of small particles or droplets into a flow field to provide a means of tracking the movement of the fluid. This technique is commonly used in various experimental fluid dynamics applications, particularly in flow visualization and measurement techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV).

Turbulent jet breakup refers to the phenomenon where a jet of fluid, typically a liquid or gas, loses its coherence and breaks up into smaller droplet or particle sizes due to the influence of turbulence. This process is critical in various fields, including fluid mechanics, engineering, and environmental science, as it affects mixing, atomization, and transport processes. In a turbulent jet, the flow exhibits irregular fluctuations, leading to the formation of vortices and eddies.

WAMIT is software that is used for the analysis of wave interactions with floating structures, particularly in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering. It stands for "Wave Analysis Method for Interactive Transients." WAMIT uses boundary element methods to calculate the hydrodynamic forces acting on floating bodies, such as ships, buoys, and offshore structures, due to wave action.

Wave–current interaction refers to the complex interplay between surface waves (such as ocean waves) and underlying currents (such as tidal or river currents). This interaction affects both the dynamics of the waves and the currents, influencing various physical processes in the marine environment. Here are some key aspects of wave-current interaction: 1. **Wave Growth and Damping**: When waves propagate in the presence of currents, their speed and height can be altered.

In set theory, particularly in the context of forcing, a "forcing notion" is a mathematical structure used to extend models of set theory. Forcing was introduced by Paul Cohen in the 1960s as a method to prove the independence of the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of choice, among other results. A list of forcing notions typically includes various types of forcing that have been studied or are commonly used in set theory.

Bounded arithmetic is a branch of mathematical logic that studies systems of arithmetic that restrict the types of quantifiers that can be used in formulas. Unlike classical arithmetic, which may allow for arbitrary quantification over natural numbers, bounded arithmetic restricts quantification to a certain range. Specifically, in bounded arithmetic, quantifiers are typically restricted to bounded formulas, which are those that can quantify only over natural numbers within a specified limit.

Primitive recursive arithmetic is a formal system used in mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. It is a subset of first-order Peano arithmetic, and it focuses on functions that can be defined using a limited type of recursive processes. The key features of primitive recursive arithmetic include: 1. **Primitive Recursive Functions**: The system defines certain functions (called primitive recursive functions) that are built using basic functions and operations in a specific way.

Legal formalism is a theory and approach to understanding and interpreting law that emphasizes a strict adherence to the text and structure of legal rules and principles. It asserts that legal decisions should be made based solely on the written law, statutes, and established legal precedents, without considering external factors such as social, moral, or political implications.

The oil drop experiment is a famous scientific experiment conducted by physicist Robert A. Millikan in the early 20th century. Its primary purpose was to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of a single electron) and to confirm the quantization of electric charge. Here's a brief overview of how the experiment worked: 1. **Setup**: Millikan created a fine mist of oil droplets, which he then passed through an atomizer. These droplets were small enough to exist as individual entities.

The Oldstone Conference is an academic conference focused on various aspects of the study of viruses, particularly in the context of human health and disease. It is named after the renowned researcher Dr. Alan Oldstone, who has made significant contributions to the field of virology and immunology. The conference typically features presentations from leading scientists and researchers, discussions on recent discoveries, and collaborations to advance understanding of viral infections and related topics.

Compton scattering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that describes the elastic scattering of X-rays or gamma rays off charged particles, most commonly electrons. This effect is significant because it demonstrates the particle-like behavior of photons, the quantum particles of light. The process occurs when a photon collides with a free or loosely bound electron. During the collision, energy and momentum are conserved, leading to an increase in the wavelength of the scattered photon (which corresponds to a decrease in its energy).

Local Area Transport generally refers to transportation systems and services that operate within a specific local area, typically serving short-distance travel needs. This concept can encompass various modes of transportation, including: 1. **Public Transit**: Buses, trams, and light rail systems that operate within city or metropolitan boundaries, providing essential connectivity for daily commuters and residents.

François Thureau-Dangin was a French epigrapher and Assyriologist known for his contributions to the study of ancient Mesopotamian languages and inscriptions, particularly cuneiform writing. His work often focused on the decipherment and interpretation of inscriptions from ancient Near Eastern cultures, including Sumerian and Akkadian texts. Thureau-Dangin's contributions to the field include editing and translating various ancient texts, and he may also be known for his work on specific archaeological finds.

Georges Ifrah is a French mathematician and a prominent figure known for his work in the history of numbers and numerals. He is particularly recognized for his book "From One to Zero: A Universal History of Numbers," which explores the evolution of numerical systems across different cultures and civilizations throughout history. Ifrah's work delves into the origins of counting, the development of various numeral systems, and the impact of mathematics on human civilization.

Ernő Lendvai (1925–2022) was a Hungarian composer, conductor, and music educator, best known for his contributions to contemporary music and his innovative approach to music theory. He is particularly noted for his work in expanding the understanding of atonal music and his studies on the relationship between music and mathematics. Lendvai's theories often incorporated elements such as the use of non-traditional scales and harmonic structures.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't a widely recognized "Decision 3012" that is noted in legal, political, or scientific contexts. It's possible that it may refer to a specific decision made by a governmental body, a corporation, or an organization in a more niche context, or it may have emerged after my last training data.