The Virasoro algebra is a central extension of the algebra of vector fields on the circle, and it plays a crucial role in the theory of two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. It is named after the physicist Miguel Virasoro.

The Mathematical Society of the Philippines (MSP) is an organization dedicated to the promotion and advancement of mathematics in the Philippines. Established to foster a community of mathematicians, educators, and students, the society focuses on various activities including organizing conferences, workshops, and seminars aimed at enhancing the understanding and appreciation of mathematics. In addition to educational events, the MSP often collaborates with schools, universities, and other organizations to support math education, research, and outreach programs.

The Mathematical Society of the Republic of Moldova (Societatea de Științe Matematice din Republica Moldova) is a professional organization that aims to promote the study, research, and teaching of mathematics in Moldova. It serves as a platform for mathematicians, educators, and students to collaborate, share knowledge, and advance mathematical sciences within the country.

The Weingarten function is a concept from differential geometry and matrix analysis, particularly in the context of the space of positive definite matrices. It is used to describe how the curvature of the manifold of positive definite matrices relates to their eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

The Wess–Zumino–Witten (WZW) model is a significant theoretical framework in the field of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory, particularly in the study of two-dimensional conformal field theories. It is named after Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino, who introduced it in the early 1970s, and is also associated with developments by Edward Witten.

Wigner's classification refers to a systematic approach to categorize the symmetries and properties of quantum systems based on the principles of group theory, particularly in the context of nuclear and particle physics. It is named after the physicist Eugene Wigner, who contributed to the understanding of symmetries in quantum mechanics. The classification typically deals with the representations of groups that describe symmetries of physical systems.

The Wigner quasiprobability distribution is a function used in quantum mechanics that provides a way to represent quantum states in phase space, which is a combination of position and momentum coordinates. It was introduced by the physicist Eugene Wigner in 1932. ### Key Features of the Wigner Quasiprobability Distribution: 1. **Phase Space Representation**: The Wigner distribution allows one to visualize and analyze quantum states similar to how one might analyze classical states.

The Wigner–Weyl transform is a mathematical formalism used in quantum mechanics and quantum optics to connect quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. It provides a way to represent quantum states as functions on phase space, which is a mathematical space that combines both position and momentum variables. ### Key Features: 1. **Phase Space Representation**: The Wigner–Weyl transform maps quantum operators represented in Hilbert space into phase space distributions.

The Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics is an academic event that focuses on the application of geometric and topological methods in various fields of physics. Such workshops typically bring together researchers, physicists, and mathematicians to discuss recent developments, share insights, and collaborate on problems that lie at the intersection of geometry and physical theories. Participants might explore topics such as: 1. **Differential Geometry**: The use of differential geometry in areas like general relativity and gauge theories.

The Yang–Mills equations are a set of partial differential equations that describe the behavior of gauge fields in the context of gauge theory, which is a fundamental aspect of modern theoretical physics. Named after physicists Chen-Ning Yang and Robert Mills, who formulated them in 1954, these equations generalize Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism to non-Abelian gauge groups, which are groups that do not necessarily commute.

The European Mathematical Psychology Group (EMPG) is an organization focused on the promotion and advancement of mathematical psychology, which involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to the study of psychological processes. EMPG aims to facilitate collaboration and communication among researchers in this field, encourage the development of mathematical models of psychological phenomena, and foster the application of these models in various areas of psychology, including cognitive, social, and behavioral psychology.

"Knowledge space" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Here are some of the common interpretations: 1. **Ontology and Knowledge Representation**: In fields like artificial intelligence and knowledge management, a knowledge space refers to a structured representation of knowledge. This can include concepts, categories, and the relationships between them, often organized in a way that facilitates understanding and inference.

The Lövheim Cube of Emotions is a psychological model that aims to depict and explain human emotions in a three-dimensional cube format. Developed by Swedish psychologist Göran Lövheim, the model integrates scientific findings about emotions and their neurobiological underpinnings. The cube consists of three axes, each representing a different dimension of emotional experience: 1. **Valence** (Pleasure vs.

The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) is a statistical method used for hypothesis testing that allows for the continuous monitoring of data as it is collected. It is particularly useful in situations where data is gathered sequentially, and decisions need to be made about hypotheses based on the accumulating evidence. The SPRT was introduced by Abraham Wald in the 1940s.

The theory of conjoint measurement is a mathematical framework used to understand and quantify preferences, particularly in the context of decision-making processes where multiple attributes are considered. It originated in the field of psychophysics and operational research, and it has applications in economics, social sciences, marketing, and various areas of management. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Attributes and Levels**: In a typical conjoint analysis, choices are characterized by a set of attributes, each of which may have different levels.

The Canadian Mathematical Society (CMS) is a professional organization based in Canada that promotes the advancement, discovery, learning, and application of mathematics. Established in 1945, the CMS serves a wide range of members, including mathematicians, educators, students, and enthusiasts.

The African Mathematical Union (AMU) is a continental organization focused on the promotion and development of mathematics in Africa. Established in 1976, the AMU aims to foster collaboration among mathematicians across the continent, enhance mathematical research and education, and increase the visibility of African mathematics on the global stage. Key activities of the AMU include organizing conferences, workshops, and seminars, promoting mathematical research and teaching, and facilitating communication between mathematicians from different African countries.

The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is a professional organization based in the United States that aims to promote the advancement, dissemination, and utilization of mathematical research and education. Founded in 1888, the AMS fulfills a variety of roles, including: 1. **Publication**: The AMS publishes several prestigious journals, books, and conference proceedings in the field of mathematics, providing a platform for researchers to share their findings.

In mathematics, particularly in the context of topology and category theory, the term "fiber" typically refers to a specific type of structure associated with a function or a mapping between spaces.