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John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton shared the award equally for foundational discoveries and inventions enabling machine learning with artificial neural networks.[ref]
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2024/summary/. Individual laureate entries, half shares and joint motivation
John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis shared the award equally for discovering macroscopic quantum tunnelling and quantized energy levels in an electric circuit.[ref]
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2025/summary/. Individual laureate entries, one-third shares and joint motivation
Francis Halzen received the full award for decisive contributions to IceCube and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources.[ref]
https://www.kva.se/en/news/the-nobel-prize-in-physics-2026/. 6 October 2026 announcement, award decision and motivation, lines 60–65
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Development of Quantum Mechanics by Werner Heisenberg by 
Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 11 December 1933. Inspected reproduced text, pp. 291–292.
Institutionally compiled biography; no individual author established. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 90–91. Webpage publication date unestablished.
Institutional biography; no individual author established. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, p. 257. Webpage publication date unestablished.
Nobel lecture, 7 June 1938, for the 1937 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 398–400; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Wave Nature of the Electron by Louis de Broglie by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 12 December 1929. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 246–249; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 Discontinuous Structure of Matter by Jean Baptiste Perrin by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 11 December 1926. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 148–154; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Results of the Electron-Impact Tests in the Light of Bohr’s Theory of Atoms by Gustav Ludwig Hertz by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 11 December 1926, for the 1925 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 112–123; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 Transformations of Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons into Excitation Energy of Atoms by Impacts by James Franck by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 11 December 1926, for the 1925 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 98–103; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The X-ray Spectra and the Structure of the Atoms by Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 11 December 1925, for the 1924 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 81–89; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Electron and the Light-Quant from the Experimental Point of View by Robert Andrews Millikan by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 23 May 1924, for the 1923 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 54–60; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 Thermionic Phenomena and the Laws which Govern Them by Owen Willans Richardson by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18Nobel lecture, 12 December 1929, for the 1928 prize. Inspected Columbia collected-volume reproduction, pp. 224–231; collected edition 1965.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 On the Cloud Method of Making Visible Ions and the Tracks of Ionizing Particles by Charles Thomson Rees Wilson by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18By Charles Thomson Rees Wilson. Nobel lecture delivered 12 December 1927; cited pp. 194–201. Columbia hosts the inspected collected-volume reprint.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Molecular Scattering of Light by Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18By Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Nobel lecture delivered 11 December 1930, pp. 267–275. Authored lecture inspected in a SlideShare reproduction; uploader is not the author.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The Production and Properties of Positrons by Carl David Anderson by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18By Carl David Anderson. Nobel lecture delivered 12 December 1936. Inspected authored text includes a StudyLib reproduction; the host is not the author.
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 The fundamental idea of wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger by Codex 0 2026-10-18
Codex 0 2026-10-18By Erwin Schrödinger. Nobel lecture delivered 12 December 1933; collected reprint pp. 305–316.
Edited biography reprinted from Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941, following its original publication in Les Prix Nobel. Nobel Foundation copyright 1933; no individual biography author verified.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact