An electron hole, often simply referred to as a "hole," is a concept in semiconductor physics and solid-state physics. It represents the absence of an electron in a semiconductor's electronic band structure, particularly in the valence band where electrons are normally present. Here's a more detailed explanation: 1. **Electron Abundance**: In a semiconductor, electrons occupy energy states in the valence band. When an electron gains sufficient energy (e.g.

A water chiller is a type of cooling system that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. Water chillers are commonly used in various applications, including: 1. **Air Conditioning**: In large buildings or industrial plants, chillers provide cooling for air conditioning systems by chilling the water that is then circulated through air handler units or fan coil units. 2. **Industrial Processes**: Many manufacturing processes require precise temperature control to ensure product quality.

The "Egg of Columbus" refers to a classic tangram puzzle that consists of a set of geometric pieces called tans. These tans are arranged in such a way to form a shape resembling an egg or an oval. The puzzle involves figuring out how to reassemble these tans into the desired shape, which requires spatial reasoning and problem-solving skills. The term "Egg of Columbus" is derived from the story of Christopher Columbus, who famously demonstrated his brilliance by getting an egg to stand on its end.

Peg solitaire is a classic single-player board game that involves moving pegs around a board with the goal of removing all but one peg. The game is typically played on a cross-shaped board, although other variations exist. The board has holes where pegs can be placed, and the objective is to jump one peg over another, removing the jumped peg from the board.

Speedcubing is the practice of solving a Rubik's Cube and other twisty puzzles as quickly as possible. It involves not just the ability to solve the cube, but also to do so in the shortest time possible, often measured in seconds. Speedcubers use various techniques and algorithms to improve their solving times, focusing on both hand speed and efficient strategies. Competitions are held worldwide, where participants are ranked based on their fastest solves, and records are continually being broken.

A puzzle lock is a type of locking mechanism that requires the user to solve a puzzle or a series of puzzles in order to unlock it. These locks can vary widely in design and complexity, ranging from simple mechanical puzzles to intricate electronic systems. Puzzle locks can be physical objects, such as locks that require manipulating pieces in a specific way or solving a riddle to unlock. They may also include more complex devices that incorporate logic puzzles, patterns, or sequences that must be followed to open the lock.

The Skewb Diamond is a variation of the Skewb puzzle, which is a twisty puzzle similar to a Rubik's Cube. The Skewb itself consists of a cube with six faces and can be rotated around its corners. The Skewb Diamond takes this concept further by incorporating a diamond shape and additional complexity in the movement of its pieces. In a Skewb puzzle, the faces can be turned independently, allowing for a variety of combinations.

The Pyramorphix is a type of puzzle that is a variant of the Rubik's Cube and similar to other twisty puzzles. It is a geometric shape made from pyramid-like structures that can rotate around its vertices. The puzzle typically consists of a combination of triangular and square faces, and the challenge lies in twisting and turning the pieces to achieve a consistent color pattern on each face.

A DaT scan, or dopamine transporter scan, is a type of SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging used to assess the function of dopamine transporters in the brain. It is primarily utilized for the differential diagnosis of movement disorders, particularly to help differentiate between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as essential tremor or other atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

Medieval English mathematicians were scholars and thinkers who contributed to the field of mathematics during the medieval period, roughly spanning from the 5th to the late 15th centuries. This era saw a continuation and preservation of classical mathematical knowledge, along with the introduction of new ideas influenced by other cultures, particularly through Islamic scholarship.

EGS can refer to different things depending on the context. One common interpretation is "Educational Guidance Services," which focuses on providing support and resources for students in educational settings. In another context, EGS might stand for "Economic Growth Strategy" in relation to economic planning and development.

A gamma probe is a medical instrument used in the field of nuclear medicine, particularly in the surgical setting, to detect and localize gamma radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during procedures. It is primarily used in sentinel lymph node biopsies, cancer surgeries, and intraoperative detection of abnormal tissues. **Key features and uses of gamma probes include:** 1.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a medical technique that involves the application of short bursts of high-voltage electrical pulses to biological tissues, resulting in the permanent disruption of cell membrane integrity. This process allows therapeutic agents to enter cells or can lead to cell death. ### Key Features of Irreversible Electroporation: 1. **Mechanism**: The electric pulses create pores in cell membranes.

Prostate brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy used to treat prostate cancer. It involves placing radioactive seeds directly into or near the prostate gland to deliver targeted radiation to cancerous tissues while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. ### Key characteristics of prostate brachytherapy include: 1. **Minimally Invasive**: The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and sedatives, and can often be done on an outpatient basis.

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a professional organization that focuses on the practice and advancement of medical physics. Founded in 1958, the AAPM serves as a platform for medical physicists, who are professionals responsible for the application of physics principles in medicine, particularly in the fields of radiation therapy, diagnostic imaging, and radiation protection.

The Wells curve, also known as the Wells score, is a clinical tool used to assess the probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a patient based on clinical criteria. Developed by Dr. Philip Wells and his colleagues, this scoring system helps clinicians decide whether to further investigate for DVT using imaging or to initiate prophylactic treatment. The Wells score consists of several criteria, each assigned a certain number of points.

The Irish Universities Association (IUA) is a representative body for the seven Irish universities. It was established to promote and support the interests of these institutions in the areas of higher education, research, and policy development. The IUA works on a range of initiatives to enhance the university system in Ireland, including collaboration on research, advocacy for funding, and the development of educational practices. The member universities of the IUA include: 1. University College Dublin (UCD) 2.

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is a prestigious university located in Trondheim, Norway. It is renowned for its focus on engineering and technology, but it also offers a wide range of programs in other disciplines, including natural sciences, humanities, social sciences, architecture, medicine, and fine arts. NTNU has a strong emphasis on research and innovation, collaborating with various industries and institutions both in Norway and internationally.

Abraham bar Hiyya, also known as Abraham ben Hiyya or by his Latin name, Petrus de Hispania, was a Jewish scholar, mathematician, and philosopher from the medieval period. He lived during the 11th or 12th century in Spain, particularly in the region of the Iberian Peninsula that was then influenced by both Jewish and Islamic cultures.