Wrought iron is a type of iron alloy that is known for its malleability, ductility, and resistance to corrosion. It typically contains a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) and is characterized by its fibrous texture, which is a result of the manufacturing process that involves heating and working the iron to shape it. Historically, wrought iron was produced by heating iron ore in a forge and then hammering or rolling it to remove impurities and shape it.
The "Three Wise Men" refers to a group of three volcanic mountains located in the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Saint Lucia. These volcanoes are named: 1. **Mount Gros Piton** 2. **Mount Petit Piton** 3. **Soufrière Volcano** The "Three Wise Men" are well-known for their striking appearances and their roles in the landscape of Saint Lucia.
Tourmaline Reef is a popular surf spot located in La Jolla, California, known for its consistent waves and picturesque setting. It is part of La Jolla's coastline and attracts surfers, paddleboarders, and marine life enthusiasts. The reef is named for the colorful tourmaline gemstones that can sometimes be found in the area. The spot is characterized by its relatively shallow waters and often provides suitable conditions for both beginners and experienced surfers, depending on the swell and tide.
Maro Reef is a marine protected area located off the coast of the province of Granada in Spain. It is situated near the town of Maro, which is part of the municipality of Nerja. The reef is known for its rich biodiversity, including various species of fish, corals, and other marine life. The area also features underwater caves and cliffs, making it a popular spot for activities such as snorkeling and diving.
KcsA is a potassium ion (K⁺) channel derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces lividans*. It is one of the first potassium channels to be structurally characterized, providing significant insights into the mechanism of ion selectivity and channel function in biological systems. KcsA is a homotetrameric protein, meaning it is composed of four identical subunits that together form a central pore through which potassium ions can pass.
Microneurography is a technique used to study the function of peripheral nerves by recording electrical activity from individual nerve fibers. It involves inserting a very fine microelectrode into a peripheral nerve, typically in the leg or arm, to measure the action potentials (nerve impulses) generated by specific nerve fibers. This technique allows researchers and clinicians to gain insights into the sensory and motor functions of nerve fibers, the mechanisms of pain, and the effects of various diseases on nerve function.
The field of geophysics has various awards and honors that recognize outstanding contributions, research, and advancements in the discipline. Here are some notable geophysics awards: 1. **William Bowie Medal** - Given by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) for distinguished service to geophysics. 2. **Walter H. Bucher Medal** - Also awarded by the AGU, this medal is presented for outstanding contributions to the field of geophysics.
Lasers in medical science refer to the application of laser technology in various medical and surgical procedures. The acronym "LASER" stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." Lasers produce focused beams of light that can be precisely controlled, allowing for a variety of uses in medicine.
Cranial ultrasound, also known as a cranial sonogram, is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the brain and other structures within the cranium. It employs high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images and can be particularly useful in assessing conditions affecting the brain in infants, especially in newborns whose fontanelles (soft spots on the skull) are still open, allowing for better ultrasound penetration.
Laser ablation is a process in which material is removed from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiation with a laser beam. The laser energy is focused onto the material, causing it to heat and vaporize, or to be ejected in particles or as a plume of vapor. This technique is widely used in various fields, including materials science, surface engineering, and medical applications.
A computational human phantom is a digital or virtual representation of the human body used in various fields such as medical imaging, radiation therapy, and dosimetry. These phantoms simulate the anatomical and physiological properties of human tissues and organs, allowing researchers and medical professionals to study and analyze interactions between radiation, electromagnetic fields, and biological tissues without the need for physical trials on real human subjects.
ISO 9846 is an international standard that specifies a method for determining the solar reflectance of materials, particularly roof and building materials. The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards aim to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency across various industries. The specific focus of ISO 9846 is to help in the assessment of the solar energy transmittance and reflectance properties of materials that can influence energy efficiency and environmental performance.
The Tempest Prognosticator is an early meteorological device developed in the 19th century, specifically designed to predict storms and weather changes. It was invented by the British scientist George Merryweather in 1851. The device consists of a series of eight glass tubes filled with liquid (often mercury), each equipped with a float connected to a bell. When atmospheric pressure changes, the floats rise and fall, triggering bells to ring.
A Whole Sky Camera (WSC) is a specialized imaging device designed to capture photographs or video of the entire sky. These cameras provide an unobstructed view of the sky, typically covering a 180-degree or 360-degree field of view, making them useful for various applications, including: 1. **Meteorology**: Whole sky cameras are used to monitor cloud cover, weather patterns, and atmospheric phenomena. They can help in forecasting weather and studying atmospheric conditions.
EUMETSAT, or the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, is an intergovernmental organization established in 1986 that operates meteorological satellites. Its primary mission is to provide high-quality data and services for weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and environmental management. EUMETSAT's satellite systems support a range of applications, including weather observation, climate research, and disaster management by delivering vital data to meteorological services across Europe and around the world.
The Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS) is a professional and learned society based in the United Kingdom that focuses on meteorology and related sciences. It publishes a range of academic journals that cover various aspects of meteorology, climatology, and atmospheric science.
The Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the development and application of technology related to atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Established by the American Meteorological Society (AMS), it publishes original research articles, technical notes, and reviews that cover a wide range of topics including meteorological instrumentation, oceanographic technology, remote sensing, and data assimilation techniques.
The Cardiff Naturalists' Society is a long-established organization focused on the study and promotion of natural history in Cardiff, Wales. As part of its activities, the Society typically publishes reports and transactions that document its findings, observations, and activities related to the natural environment. These reports might include articles, research papers, and notes on various aspects of natural history, including flora, fauna, geology, and conservation efforts in the region.
The International Cloud Experiment (ICE) refers to collaborative research initiatives focused on studying and understanding cloud properties, dynamics, and their effects on the Earth's climate. These experiments often involve scientists from various countries and disciplines, working together to collect data and analyze cloud behavior across different regions and atmospheric conditions. One notable example is the International Cloud Physics Conference (ICPC) and related field campaigns that aim to improve our understanding of clouds and their interactions with the environment.
Continuous Marine Broadcast (CMB) typically refers to automated broadcasts of maritime safety information (MSI), navigational warnings, and other critical information to vessels at sea. This broadcast system is essential for enhancing navigational safety and ensuring that vessels have access to timely information concerning weather, hazards, and operational notices.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact