William Spottiswoode (1825–1883) was a notable British mathematician, astronomer, and physicist known for his work in various scientific fields, particularly in optics and astronomy. He made significant contributions to mathematical physics and was involved in the development of new instruments for astronomical observations. Spottiswoode was also an active member of scientific societies and served as the President of the Royal Society from 1878 until his death in 1883.

August Krönig (1800–1873) was a German physicist known for his work in the fields of optics and the study of light. Although specific details about his contributions may not be as widely recognized as those of some other scientists, he is notable for his studies related to polarization and the physical properties of light. One of his recognized contributions is the "Krönig's law," which pertains to how certain optical phenomena relate to physical properties.

John Joseph Montgomery (1858–1911) was an American inventor and aviation pioneer, best known for his pioneering work in heavier-than-air flight. He is often credited with conducting some of the earliest successful manned flights in powered aircraft. Montgomery made significant contributions to the field of aviation by experimenting with gliders and later developing powered aircraft. He is particularly famous for his work on the "Montgomery Glide," a heavier-than-air flying machine that he demonstrated in 1884.

Alois Handl could refer to an individual or a specific term, but as of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there isn't any notable information widely recognized under that name.

Johann Philipp Neumann may refer to various individuals depending on the context, but he is not widely recognized as a prominent historical or contemporary figure as of my last knowledge update in October 2021. If you were referring to a specific person, more context would help clarify your inquiry. It's also worth noting that names can refer to different people in different fields (like science, art, etc.) or even fictional characters.

Cornelis Wind doesn't appear to refer to a widely recognized figure, concept, or terminology as of my last training cut-off in October 2023. It's possible that it could be the name of a person, perhaps in a specific field or locality, or it might refer to a term or concept that has emerged after that date.

Michael Faraday (1791–1867) was an English scientist renowned for his contributions to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He is best known for his discovery of electromagnetic induction, which is the principle behind electric generators and transformers. Faraday's experiments led to the formulation of Faraday's laws of electrolysis and the concept of the electric field.

Adolph Theodor Kupffer was a German anatomist and pathologist best known for his discovery of Kupffer cells in 1876. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver that play a crucial role in the immune response by phagocytizing pathogens and clearing dead cells and debris from the blood. Kupffer's work significantly advanced the understanding of liver histology and immunology.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized individual or concept named "Pieter Rijke." It's possible that he could be a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or a public figure who emerged after that date.

Volkert Simon Maarten van der Willigen appears to be a person's name, but there is no widely known information or notable figure by that name in public records as of my last update in October 2023. It's possible that this could refer to a private individual or someone not in the public eye.

Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (1808–1862) was a French chemist and engineer known for his contributions to the field of mining engineering and the study of minerals. He is particularly noted for his work in the development of methods for extracting metals from ores and his exploration of various mineral resources. Sénarmont's research and innovations played a significant role in the advancement of mining techniques during the 19th century.

Jacques Étienne Bérard is a historical figure known for his role as a French botanist and naturalist in the 18th century. He is notable for his work in the study of plants and his contributions to the field of botany, including his involvement in various botanical expeditions and documentation of plant species.

Paul-Jacques Curie (1890–1972) was a French physicist and an important figure in the field of piezoelectricity and crystallography. He was the son of Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, and he also contributed significantly to material science and the understanding of crystals. Curie's research focused on the properties of materials that exhibit piezoelectric effects, which are important in various applications such as sensors, actuators, and ultrasound technology.

Berend Wilhelm Feddersen (1912–2005) was a German mathematician known primarily for his contributions to functional analysis, topology, and numerical mathematics. He has made significant impacts on mathematical education and research, particularly in Germany.

Christian Ludwig Gerling (1780–1858) was a notable German mathematician and astronomer. He is best known for his work in the field of astronomy and for his contributions to the development of astronomical instruments. Gerling was involved in the establishment of observatories and contributed to the study of celestial mechanics. In addition to his practical work, he made significant contributions to mathematical astronomy and helped advance the understanding of various celestial phenomena.

Wilhelm von Bezold (1837–1907) was a German physicist and meteorologist renowned for his contributions to the understanding of atmospheric dynamics and the development of meteorological instruments. He is well-known for his work on the Bezold effect, which describes a phenomenon in color perception related to color contrast and is particularly relevant in fields like art and design. Bezold's influence extends to his roles in weather forecasting and the advancement of meteorological science during the late 19th century.

Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann was a notable German physicist who made significant contributions to the fields of electromagnetism and thermodynamics. He is best known for the Wiedemann-Franz law, which describes the relationship between electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in metals. This law states that the ratio of the electric conductivity to the thermal conductivity of a metal is proportional to its temperature.

Gustav Karsten is not a widely recognized term or entity in popular culture, history, or current events as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It’s possible that Gustav Karsten could refer to a specific individual, perhaps in a niche field, or it may pertain to a relatively obscure topic that isn't well documented.

Hans Friedrich Geitel is a name that may refer to a specific individual, but without additional context, it's unclear who specifically you are referring to. There might be various individuals with that name across different fields, such as academia, literature, or other professions. If you could provide more context or specify the area of interest (e.g.

Philipp von Jolly (1811–1874) was a prominent German physicist and mathematician known for his contributions to thermodynamics and mathematical physics. He is recognized for his work on the theory of heat and energy and played a significant role in advancing the understanding of thermodynamic principles during the 19th century. Jolly's research helped lay the groundwork for future developments in physics and engineering related to heat engines and thermodynamic systems.