GABRR2 stands for "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor, Subunit R2." It is a gene that encodes a subtype of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, which is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABRR2 is part of the GABA receptor family that plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain.

GLRA2 stands for "Glycine Receptor Alpha 2," which is a protein that is part of the glycine receptor family. Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are critical for regulating neuronal excitability and play an important role in various physiological processes, including motor control, sensory processing, and spinal reflexes.

GLRA3, or Glycine receptor alpha-3, is a protein that is part of the glycine receptor family. Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that primarily mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Specifically, GLRA3 is one of the subunits that compose these receptors, where it plays a role in facilitating the flow of chloride ions into neurons when glycine, an amino acid that acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, binds to the receptor.

G protein-gated ion channels are a class of ion channels that are regulated by G proteins, which are intracellular signaling molecules that are activated by various types of receptors, typically G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). When a ligand (such as a neurotransmitter or hormone) binds to a GPCR, it activates the associated G protein by exchanging GDP for GTP.

GRIN1 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is a type of glutamate receptor in the brain. NMDA receptors play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and various neurophysiological processes. Specifically, GRIN1 encodes the NR1 subunit, which is essential for the formation and function of NMDA receptor complexes.

G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs or K_IR channels) are a type of ion channel that play a crucial role in regulating the electrical activity of cells, particularly in the heart and nervous system. These channels are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and help mediate the effects of neurotransmitters and hormones on cell excitability.

HVCN1, or Hydrogen Voltage-gated Channel 1, is a gene that encodes a protein which functions as a voltage-gated channel that specifically transports protons (H+ ions) across cell membranes. This transporter plays a significant role in maintaining the pH balance within cells and is believed to have cellular and physiological roles in various systems, including the immune system and possibly in cancer biology.

Gating in electrophysiology refers to the process by which ion channels (proteins embedded in cell membranes that allow ions to pass through) open or close in response to specific stimuli. This process is crucial for the generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons, muscle cells, and other excitable tissues. There are several types of gating mechanisms, including: 1. **Voltage Gating**: This type of gating occurs in response to changes in membrane potential.

The glycine receptor alpha-1 (GLRA1) is a type of neurotransmitter receptor that is primarily found in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord and brainstem. It is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel family and primarily mediates inhibitory neurotransmission through the neurotransmitter glycine.

HCN3 refers to one of the subtypes of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels, which are primarily responsible for generating the "pacemaker" currents in various cells, especially in the heart and brain. These channels are activated by hyperpolarization and are modulated by cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP.

The term "inactive" generally refers to a state of not being active or engaged in any particular activity. It can be applied in various contexts, such as: 1. **General Usage**: Describing someone or something that is not currently participating in an activity, not functioning, or not in use. 2. **Health and Fitness**: Referring to a person who does not engage in regular physical exercise or activity, which can have health implications.

KCNG3, or potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 3, is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the formation of potassium ion channels in the cell membrane. These channels play a critical role in the regulation of cellular excitability, which is important for various physiological processes, including neuronal signaling, muscle contraction, and cardiac function.

KCNB1 refers to a gene that encodes the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 protein. This protein is part of a family of potassium channels that are important for maintaining the resting membrane potential and modulating the excitability of neurons and other excitable tissues. The KCNB1 gene is located on chromosome 20 in humans and plays a crucial role in the cardiac and neural functions of the body.

KCNC4, or "Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 4," is a protein encoded by the KCNC4 gene in humans. This gene is part of a family of potassium ion channels, which are essential for various physiological processes, including the regulation of neuronal excitability, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm.

KCNE5, also known as potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 5, is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the KCNE family of potassium channel regulatory subunits. These subunits are crucial for the proper functioning of potassium channels, which play essential roles in various physiological processes, including the generation and propagation of electrical signals in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiac myocytes.

KCNG2, or Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily G Member 2, is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the family of voltage-gated potassium channels. These channels play crucial roles in various physiological processes by controlling the flow of potassium ions across cell membranes, which is vital for regulating the electrical excitability of neurons and muscle cells.

KCNJ5 is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the potassium ion channel family. Specifically, it encodes for the inwardly rectifying potassium channel 5 (Kir5.1). This protein plays a crucial role in various physiological processes by allowing potassium ions to flow in and out of cells, which is essential for maintaining the electrical stability of cell membranes and regulating cellular excitability. KCNJ5 is expressed in several tissues, including the adrenal glands, heart, and brain.