LEVIATHAN is a block cipher designed for secure encryption and decryption of data. It was introduced as part of the ongoing research in cryptography and is characterized by its underlying design principles, which aim to provide both security and efficiency. LEVIATHAN is based on characteristics that make it resistant to various forms of cryptographic attacks, and its construction typically involves techniques such as substitution-permutation networks or Feistel networks.

FileVault is a disk encryption program available on macOS that is designed to protect your data by encrypting the entire startup disk of your Mac. By using FileVault, users can secure everything stored on their drive, including system files, applications, documents, and personal data, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to access the information.

Formal semantics in the context of Moscow, as well as in general, refers to a branch of linguistics and philosophy that seeks to provide formal definitions and frameworks for understanding meaning in language. In Moscow, there has been significant work in formal semantics largely influenced by scholars associated with the Russian school of thought in linguistics, such as the Moscow Linguistic Circle.

Grounding in communication refers to the process by which communicators establish a shared understanding of the information being exchanged. It involves ensuring that all parties in a conversation have a common basis of knowledge or context, which helps facilitate effective interaction. Key aspects of grounding include: 1. **Common Knowledge**: Understanding what both parties already know and building upon that shared knowledge. This can involve checking if the other person is familiar with specific terms, concepts, or background information.

Language intensity refers to the strength or degree of emotion conveyed through language. It involves the use of specific words, phrases, and rhetorical devices that amplify feelings or emphasize a point. Language intensity can manifest in various forms, including: 1. **Word Choice**: The selection of powerful or emotive words can enhance intensity. For instance, using "devastated" instead of "sad" conveys a stronger feeling.

The Pike cipher, also known as the Pike's cipher or Pike's cipher wheel, is a form of a substitution cipher that utilizes a device or a tool resembling a wheel or a disk to encrypt and decrypt messages. The design involves a set of concentric discs, each with letters or symbols arranged around its edge, which can be rotated relative to one another to create a varying substitution for each letter.

Relevance Theory is a cognitive science theory primarily developed by cognitive scientists Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in the late 20th century. The theory is primarily concerned with human communication and the processes of understanding and inference that occur during it. It posits that human cognition is geared toward maximizing relevance, meaning that people are naturally inclined to seek information that is both new and useful.

In linguistics, "stance" refers to the position or attitude that a speaker takes in relation to the content of their utterance, the audience, or the broader context in which communication occurs. It encompasses the speaker’s evaluation, emotion, or commitment towards the proposition being expressed. Stance can be categorized into several types, including: 1. **Epistemic stance**: This relates to the degree of certainty or belief a speaker has regarding the information being conveyed.

The T–V distinction refers to the use of different forms of address in various languages to convey levels of formality, familiarity, or social hierarchy between speakers. The distinction is named after the Latin words "tu" (informal "you") and "vous" (formal "you"). In many languages, including French, German, Spanish, and Russian, there are distinct pronouns or forms of address that indicate whether the relationship between speakers is formal or informal.

N-hash is not a widely recognized term in computer science or cryptography, and it does not refer to a standard concept. However, it may be a shorthand for various concepts or implementations in the context of hashing or cryptographic hash functions. Hash functions are algorithms that take an input (or "message") and produce a fixed-size string of bytes, typically a digest that is unique to each unique input.

In linguistics, coercion refers to a phenomenon where a word or phrase's meaning changes to fit the grammatical or semantic requirements of a particular context. This often occurs when the literal interpretation of a term does not directly align with its expected usage in a sentence, leading to an inferred or altered meaning to make the sentence coherent. Coercion can manifest in several ways, such as: 1. **Type Coercion**: When an expression needs to be understood in a different grammatical category.

A discourse marker is a word or phrase that helps to organize, manage, or clarify discourse in spoken or written communication. These markers serve various functions, such as signaling the structure of the conversation, indicating a change in topic, providing emphasis, or guiding the listener's understanding of the speaker's intent.

FidoNet is a worldwide amateur computer network that was created in the early 1980s to facilitate message exchange and file transfer between various bulletin board systems (BBS). It allows users to send messages and files to other users across different BBS systems using a store-and-forward system.

The term "mimic function" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. However, the most commonly understood meaning is associated with its use in various fields such as mathematics, programming, and biology. 1. **Biology**: In biology, mimicry often refers to the evolutionary phenomenon where one species evolves to resemble another species or object, often for purposes such as protection from predators (e.g.

Helena Sheehan is a scholar and writer known for her work in the fields of philosophy, literature, and cultural studies. She has made significant contributions to discussions on Marxism, science, and the philosophy of science. She is a professor and has authored several books and articles on these subjects, often exploring the intersections of politics, culture, and knowledge.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't a specific, widely recognized concept known as the "New Data Seal." It's possible that it refers to a newly introduced certification, initiative, or standard related to data privacy, data protection, or data quality. In various contexts, terms like "data seal" might relate to certifications or seals of approval that indicate compliance with certain standards for handling data securely and responsibly.

Alexander Moszkowski was a notable German author and playwright, primarily active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is perhaps best known for his works that explore themes of philosophy, particularly in relation to science and religion, as well as for his contribution to the genre of comedic literature. One of his notable works is "Der Aufstieg in den Himmel," a satirical play that reflects his unique blend of humor and philosophical inquiry.

Colin Howson is a philosopher and a professor known for his work in the fields of philosophy of science, epistemology, and the history and philosophy of statistics. He has contributed to discussions on probability, inductive reasoning, and the foundations of statistical inference. Howson's work often explores the implications of scientific reasoning and the role of evidence and knowledge in various contexts.

Dario Antiseri is an Italian philosopher and scholar, known for his work in the fields of philosophy, particularly in the areas of epistemology, modern philosophy, and the philosophy of science. He has contributed to discussions on the nature of knowledge, rationality, and the relationship between science and philosophy. Antiseri is recognized for his critical analysis of various philosophical doctrines and his engagement with the works of significant thinkers throughout history. His academic contributions often stimulate dialogue on contemporary philosophical issues.

David Miller is a prominent British political philosopher known for his work in political theory, particularly concerning topics such as global justice, citizenship, and the ethics of immigration. He is also recognized for his contributions to the understanding of social justice and the moral implications of nationality and belonging. Miller has authored several influential books and articles that explore the principles of justice in a globalized world, the responsibilities of states to their citizens, and the moral considerations surrounding immigration policies.