Pitch is a viscous substance that is derived from the distillation of organic materials like wood, coal, or petroleum. It is commonly composed of a complex mixture of organic compounds, primarily consisting of hydrocarbons and can contain various functional groups.

Tektite is a natural glass that is formed from the impact of meteorites on the Earth's surface. When a high-velocity meteorite strikes the Earth, it generates immense heat and pressure, melting the surrounding material—typically soil and rock—into a molten state. As this molten material is ejected into the atmosphere, it cools and solidifies into small glassy fragments as it falls back to the Earth's surface.

"Iranian astronomers" refers to astronomers from Iran or those who have significant connections to Iranian cultural or scientific institutions. Iran has a rich history in astronomy that dates back thousands of years, with contributions from notable Persian scholars during the Islamic Golden Age, such as Al-Biruni and Omar Khayyam. In contemporary times, Iranian astronomers are involved in various fields such as astrophysics, astrobiology, cosmology, and observational astronomy.

Achille Varzi is an Italian philosopher known for his work in the fields of logic, ontology, and the philosophy of language. He has made significant contributions to areas such as mereology (the study of part-whole relationships) and the philosophy of space and time. Varzi's work often explores concepts related to how objects are structured and related to one another in various contexts, and he has been involved in discussions about the nature of identity and persistence through time.

Alison Wylie is a prominent philosopher known for her work in the philosophy of archaeology, feminist philosophy, and the philosophy of science. She has contributed significantly to discussions on epistemology and the social dimensions of scientific practice, particularly in how knowledge is constructed and understood in archaeological contexts. Wylie has also engaged with issues of interpretation and representation in the humanities and social sciences.

Andrew Loke is a philosopher and theologian known for his work in the fields of philosophy of religion, science and religion, and the resurrection of Jesus. He has written extensively on topics concerning the intersection of faith and reason, and has also engaged in debates about the historical and theological aspects of Christianity. Loke is recognized for his academic contributions and is often involved in discussions that bridge science and faith perspectives.

Charles Taylor is a prominent Canadian philosopher, known for his work in political philosophy, ethics, and the philosophy of language. Born on November 5, 1931, Taylor has made significant contributions to a variety of fields, including liberalism, multiculturalism, secularism, and the nature of identity.

bell hooks (1952-2021) was an influential American author, feminist, and social activist known for her works on race, gender, and culture. Born Gloria Jean Watkins in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, she adopted the pen name "bell hooks" in honor of her great-grandmother, with the lowercase letters emphasizing the importance of the ideas over the author. Throughout her career, hooks produced numerous books, essays, and articles that explore the intersections of race, class, and gender.

Claire Ortiz Hill is a noted scholar and author, particularly recognized for her contributions to the fields of philosophy and mathematics. She's known for her work on the foundations of mathematics, specifically concerning set theory, logic, and the philosophy of math. In addition to academic publications, she has engaged in discussions about the implications of mathematical theories on philosophical concepts.

Cooper Harold Langford is a fictional character featured in the *Star Trek* universe. He is notably recognized for his appearance in the episode "Star Trek: Enterprise" titled "Cogenitor" from the third season. In this episode, the crew of the starship Enterprise encounters a species with three genders, and Langford is a central character who explores themes of gender and individual rights.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, David Rynin does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or concept in popular culture, science, politics, or any notable domain. If this individual has gained prominence or significance after that date, I would not have that information.

Dawes Hicks is not a widely recognized term or concept, and it may refer to various subjects depending on the context. It's possible that it could be a specific person, a company, or a term used in a niche field.

Hilary Putnam (1926–2016) was a prominent American philosopher, mathematician, computer scientist, and logician, known for his significant contributions to various areas, including philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mathematics. He was associated with multiple philosophical movements throughout his career, including pragmatism and realism.

Ernst Mally (1870–1944) was an Austrian philosopher and psychologist known for his work in the fields of ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of science. He is particularly associated with the development of a form of idealism that sought to reconcile various philosophical traditions and to integrate psychological concepts into philosophical inquiry. One of Mally's notable contributions is his exploration of the relationship between thought and reality, as well as his analysis of value and normativity in ethical discussions.

Giovanni Ventimiglia is a historical figure from the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, often associated with his role as a nobleman and member of the Ventimiglia family, an influential lineage in medieval Italy. The family had significant power in regions such as Sicily and is known for its involvement in various political and military events of the time.

Jennifer Hornsby is a British philosopher known for her work in the fields of philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and feminist philosophy. She has made significant contributions to discussions about reference, meaning, and the nature of thought, as well as issues related to gender and identity in philosophy. Hornsby has also engaged with the works of other philosophers and has written on topics related to metaphysics and epistemology.

Günter Abel is a name that may refer to different individuals, but one notable person associated with this name is a German philosopher known for his work in the field of German Idealism, particularly concerning the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel. Abel has also been involved in discussions around the philosophy of language and epistemology.

John Zerzan is an American anarchist and author known for his critiques of modern civilization, technology, and the impact of industrial society on human relationships and the environment. He is associated with the primitivist movement, which advocates for a return to pre-industrial lifestyle and questions the sustainability and morality of contemporary society. Zerzan's works often explore themes such as the alienation caused by technology, the importance of human connection, and the value of primitive and hunter-gatherer cultures.

"Irish astronomers" can refer to either astronomers from Ireland or Irish individuals who have made significant contributions to the field of astronomy. Historically, Ireland has had a notable presence in astronomy, with various observatories and institutions playing key roles in astronomical research.

Héctor-Neri Castañeda (1924–2012) was a prominent Mexican philosopher, known for his contributions to the fields of philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics. He is particularly recognized for his work on the theory of reference, indexicals, and the nature of perception. Castañeda's thinking often revolved around issues of how language relates to the world and how we can talk about the thoughts and experiences of individuals.