Thoralf Skolem (1887–1963) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his significant contributions to mathematical logic, set theory, and model theory. He is best remembered for developing Skolem's paradox and for his work on the foundations of mathematics. One of his notable contributions is in the area of first-order logic and model theory, particularly regarding the completeness of first-order logic and the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem.

Third Normal Form (3NF) is a database normalization standard used to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. A database is in Third Normal Form if it satisfies the following conditions: 1. **It is in Second Normal Form (2NF)**: This means that the database is already in First Normal Form (1NF), and all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

Examples under python/sklearn

. .venv/bin/activate
pip install sklearn matplotlib seaborn

Pseudo-differential operators (PDOs) are a class of operators that generalize differential operators. They play a crucial role in the analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs), especially in the study of solutions and their regularity properties. PDOs are particularly useful in the context of Fourier analysis and microlocal analysis. ### Definition A pseudo-differential operator is typically defined in terms of its action on test functions through a symbolic calculus.

A singular integral refers to an integral where the integrand has a singularity (point of discontinuity or unbounded behavior) within the domain of integration. The term is often discussed in the context of mathematical analysis and can appear in various forms, including in the theory of functions of a real variable, complex analysis, and the study of partial differential equations.

Outermorphism is a concept in the field of mathematics, specifically in category theory, which deals with the structure and relationships between different mathematical objects. While "outermorphism" is not a standard term widely recognized in mathematics, it may refer to a specific type of morphism that relates to certain structures or transformations in a broader context. In general, the term "morphism" in category theory refers to a structural-preserving map between two objects.

In abstract algebra, particularly in the context of ring theory, a **prime ideal** is a special type of ideal that has important properties related to the structure of rings.

Gin Rummy is a popular card game that has been adapted into various video game formats. The game typically involves two players who try to form sets of cards (three or four cards of the same rank) and runs (three or more cards in sequential order of the same suit). The objective is to reach a certain number of points by being the first to "knock" (end the round) or by forming valid sets and runs with the cards in hand.

Kardboard Kings is a video game that combines elements of simulation and management, where players take on the role of a trading card shop owner. In the game, players manage their store by buying, selling, and trading cards while also interacting with customers and other vendors. The game features a variety of mechanics, including building inventory, customizing the shop, and participating in events like tournaments.

Marion Tinsley was a renowned American checkers (also known as draughts) player, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the game. Born on April 3, 1929, and passing away on March 2, 1995, Tinsley was particularly known for his mastery of the 8x8 checkers variant. He won numerous national and international titles and was a multiple-time world champion.

AlphaGo is an artificial intelligence program developed by DeepMind Technologies, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. (Google's parent company). It is designed to play the complex board game Go, which is known for its deep strategic elements and historically has been considered a major challenge for AI due to its vast number of possible moves and board configurations. AlphaGo made headlines for its ability to defeat some of the world's top Go players, including the reigning world champion Lee Sedol in 2016.

David Silver is a prominent computer scientist known for his work in artificial intelligence, particularly in reinforcement learning and deep learning. He is a principal researcher at DeepMind, a leading AI research company that aims to develop general artificial intelligence. Silver is well-known for his role in the development of AlphaGo, the first AI program to defeat a human champion in the game of Go. This achievement demonstrated significant advancements in machine learning techniques, particularly in using deep neural networks and Monte Carlo tree search.

Geometric graphs are a type of graph in which the vertices correspond to points in some geometric space, and the edges represent some geometric relationships between these points. The arrangement of the vertices in the plane (or in higher dimensions) usually relates to distances, angles, or other geometric properties. Key aspects of geometric graphs include: 1. **Vertex Representation**: The vertices are typically represented by points in a Euclidean space (commonly the 2D or 3D plane).

The Pompeiu problem is a classical question in geometry named after the Romanian mathematician Dimitrie Pompeiu. It involves the relationship between geometric shapes and their properties in relation to points within these shapes.

Inversive distance is a mathematical concept used primarily in the fields of geometry and complex analysis. It is often employed in the context of circles or spherical geometry and is defined in relation to circles. The inversive distance between two circles is defined as the reciprocal of the distance between their respective centers, adjusted for the radii of the circles.

A Steiner chain is a geometric concept that refers to a particular arrangement of circles. Specifically, it is a sequence of circles that are tangent to each other and to some fixed line or point, along with the circles being arranged such that they share a common tangent at the points of tangency.

In mathematics, particularly in the field of differential geometry and topology, a Fréchet surface is not a standard term primarily encountered in classical texts; it might refer to concepts related to Fréchet spaces or Fréchet manifolds, which are more common notions in functional analysis and manifold theory. However, if one were to discuss a "Fréchet surface," it may imply a surface that is modeled or analyzed within the context of Fréchet spaces.

The Gilbert–Pollack conjecture is a hypothesis in the field of combinatorial optimization, specifically regarding the packing of sets in geometric spaces. It posits a relationship between the size of a set and its ability to be packed tightly with respect to certain constraints. Formally, the conjecture deals with the arrangement and packing of spheres in Euclidean space, particularly in three dimensions. It suggests that for any collection of spheres in three-dimensional space, there exists an optimal packing density that cannot be exceeded.

A metric map is a mathematical concept used in various fields such as geometry, topology, and data analysis. It typically refers to a function between two metric spaces that preserves certain properties related to distances. Here’s a brief overview: 1. **Metric Space**: A metric space is a set equipped with a distance function (or metric) that defines the distance between any two points in the set.