Dentine bonding agents are specialized materials used in dentistry to bond restorative materials, such as composites, to the dentine layer of the tooth structure. Dentine is the layer beneath the enamel that provides support and structure to the tooth. The bonding of materials to dentine is crucial for the long-term success of dental restorations, as it helps to create a seal that prevents microleakage and enhances the overall durability of the restoration.

The Mayo–Lewis equation is a relationship used in polymer science to describe the relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer and its molecular weight. It is particularly relevant when discussing polymers that exhibit glass transition behavior, which is the temperature range below which the polymer becomes brittle and behaves like a glass.

Methylaluminoxane (MAO) is a chemical compound that is often used as a cocatalyst in the production of certain types of polymerization reactions, particularly in the field of olefin polymerization. It is an aluminum-based compound and is primarily known for its role in activating specific metal catalysts, such as those based on transition metals, to produce high-performance polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene.

Telomerization is a chemical process in which small molecules, often containing functional groups such as alkenes, are reacted with a telogen (a compound that can undergo reversible polymerization) to form longer-chain polymers known as telomers. The process typically involves the addition of a telogen to a growing chain of a monomer through a mechanism that resembles chain growth polymerization.

Polymer fractionation is a process used to separate a polymer sample into fractions based on the molecular weight or size of the polymer chains. This technique is important in the study and application of polymers, as different fractions may exhibit distinct physical, chemical, and mechanical properties due to variations in molecular weight or chain architecture. There are several methods of polymer fractionation, including: 1. **Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)**: This technique separates polymers based on their hydrodynamic volume.

A polymeric surface refers to a surface that is composed of or coated with polymers, which are large molecules made up of repeating structural units known as monomers. Polymers can be natural (like rubber and cellulose) or synthetic (like plastics such as polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride).

Rosickýite is a rare mineral that belongs to the category of chalcogenides. It is primarily composed of elements such as copper, iron, and sulfur. Named after Czech geologist and mineralogist Tomáš Rosický, the mineral is often found in association with other sulfide minerals in specific geological environments. Due to its rarity and specific formation conditions, it is of interest primarily to mineral collectors and researchers in the field of geology and mineralogy.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands, creating a three-dimensional structure with high surface area and tunable porosity. Due to their unique structural properties, MOFs have garnered significant attention in various fields, including gas storage, separation, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensing.

Radiolysis is a process in which molecules are dissociated due to the absorption of radiation, typically ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, or high-energy particles. When these types of radiation interact with matter, they can cause the ionization or excitation of atoms within molecules, leading to the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of free radicals and other reactive species.

Relative permeability is a measure of a porous material's ability to transmit fluids compared to a reference fluid, typically water or air. It quantifies the ease with which different fluids can move through a porous medium, such as soil, rock, or a filter cake, under conditions of partial saturation with multiple fluid phases. In the context of multiphase flow, relative permeability is defined for each phase (e.g.

Hibakujumoku refers to trees that survived the atomic bombings in Japan during World War II, particularly those in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The term literally translates to "explosion-affected trees." These trees are significant as they symbolize resilience and recovery in the aftermath of the catastrophic events. Many hibakujumoku are now recognized as important historical and cultural artifacts. They have been studied to understand the effects of radiation on living organisms, and efforts have been made to preserve them.

Guy Maunsell was a British civil engineer and inventor, best known for his design of the Maunsell Army Forts during World War II. These were large, offshore forts built in the Thames estuary to protect against German attacks. The forts were notable for their unique design, which included a central tower surrounded by several smaller towers, all elevated above the water to provide visibility and firepower.

Joseph Monier (1823–1906) was a French gardener and inventor who is best known for his development of reinforced concrete. He originally experimented with combining concrete with metal reinforcements to create stronger and more durable structures, allowing for new architectural designs and applications. His work laid the foundation for the widespread use of reinforced concrete in construction, which has become a fundamental material in modern civil engineering and architecture.

Pipe manufacture refers to the process of producing pipes, which are cylindrical tubes used for various applications, including transporting fluids (like water, oil, and gas), structural support, and construction. The manufacturing process involves several steps, materials, and technologies, depending on the type of pipes being produced (such as metal, plastic, or composite materials).

AN thread, also known as Army-Navy thread, is a type of standardized screw thread used primarily in military and aerospace applications, as well as in some civilian industries. AN threads are predominantly used for fasteners and components in aircraft, where high strength and reliability are crucial. Here are some key characteristics of AN threads: 1. **Unified Thread Form**: AN threads are generally based on the Unified Thread Standard (UN), which outlines the specifications for the thread profile, pitch, and dimensions.

"Gayana" can refer to different contexts depending on the area of discussion: 1. **Geographical Reference**: In some contexts, "Gayana" may refer to Guyana, a country located on the northeastern coast of South America. It is known for its diverse cultures, rainforests, and the Amazon River.

Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe (DIP) is a type of piping that combines the strength and durability of ductile iron with a protective lining made of cement mortar. This combination is commonly used for water distribution, wastewater management, and other fluid transport applications. ### Key Features: 1. **Ductile Iron**: - Ductile iron is a type of cast iron known for its high strength and ductility.

A heat-shrinkable sleeve is a type of protective covering made from materials like polyolefin, PVC, or other thermoplastic materials that shrink in size when heat is applied. These sleeves are commonly used in various applications, including electrical insulation, cable protection, and sealing. ### Key Features: 1. **Heat Activation**: When exposed to a heat source (like a heat gun), the sleeves shrink tightly around the item they are covering, providing a snug fit.

Pipe bursting is a trenchless method used to replace old or damaged underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation. This technique involves breaking apart the existing pipe while simultaneously installing a new pipe in its place. Here's how the process generally works: 1. **Preparation**: Before the actual pipe bursting begins, thorough inspection and evaluation of the existing pipe system is conducted, often using techniques like video inspection to assess the condition of the pipes.

The per-unit (p.u.) system is a method used in electrical engineering, particularly in the analysis of power systems, to simplify calculations and comparisons. Instead of using actual electrical quantities (like volts, amperes, ohms, etc.), the per-unit system normalizes these values relative to a defined base value. This allows engineers to easily compare different systems or components, since all values are expressed in a uniform manner.