A Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of electric propulsion system used primarily in spacecraft. It operates by utilizing the Hall effect to generate thrust through ionized propellant. Here is how it works: 1. **Ionization**: The thruster uses a noble gas, typically xenon, as propellant. Inside the thruster, this gas is ionized by an electric discharge, which turns it into plasma consisting of positively charged ions and free electrons.

The Quantum Hall transition refers to the phenomenon observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, leading to quantized Hall conductance. This occurs when the system transitions between different quantum Hall states, characterized by distinct plateaus in the Hall conductance as the magnetic field is varied.

SMART-1, which stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research and Technology, was a European Space Agency (ESA) spacecraft that was launched on September 27, 2003. It was primarily designed as a technology demonstration mission to test various new technologies for future spacecraft.

The Liouville–Arnold theorem, also known as the Liouville–Arnold theorem of integrability, is a result in Hamiltonian mechanics concerning the integrability of Hamiltonian systems. It provides a criterion under which a dynamical system can be considered integrable in the sense of having as many conserved quantities as degrees of freedom, allowing the system to be solved in terms of action-angle variables.

The Weinstein conjecture is a hypothesis in the field of geometric topology and symplectic geometry, formulated by the mathematician Alan Weinstein in the 1970s. It concerns the existence of certain types of periodic orbits in Hamiltonian dynamical systems. More specifically, the conjecture posits that every closed, oriented, and compact contact manifold must contain at least one Reeb chord.

"Pintle" can refer to a couple of different concepts, primarily in engineering and maritime contexts: 1. **Pintle as a Mechanical Component**: In mechanical terms, a pintle is a type of bearing or pivot mechanism, typically a short shaft or pin that serves as a hinge or pivot point. Pintles are often used in conjunction with a socket or a similar component to allow for rotational movement. They are commonly found in applications such as steering systems, hinges, or rotating machinery.

The term "segmented spindle" typically refers to a type of mitotic spindle observed during cell division. In a standard mitotic process, the spindle apparatus, which is composed of microtubules, helps in the separation of chromosomes into daughter cells. A segmented spindle is characterized by a non-continuous arrangement of spindle fibers. This can happen in certain cells or under specific conditions, often observed in some types of cancerous cells or during particular stages of cell division.

It is quite comical that two separate towns were founded one next to the other right in the middle of nowhere. And that both have so slightly weird names.

Prototype: github.com/cirosantilli/Urho3D-cheat

Prior art research: github.com/cirosantilli/awesome-reinforcement-learning-games

Less good discrete prototype: github.com/cirosantilli/rl-game-2d-grid YouTube demo: Video 1. "Top Down 2D Continuous Game with Urho3D C++ SDL and Box2D for Reinforcement learning by Ciro Santilli (2018)".

The goal of this project is to reach artificial general intelligence.

A few initiatives have created reasonable sets of robotics-like games for the purposes of AI development, most notably: OpenAI and DeepMind.

However, all projects so far have only created sets of unrelated games, or worse: focused on closed games designed for humans!

What is really needed is to create a single cohesive game world, designed specifically for this purpose, and with a very large number of game mechanics.

Notably, by "game mechanic" is meant "a magic aspect of the game world, which cannot be explained by object's location and inertia alone" in order to test the the missing link between continuous and discrete AI.

Much in the spirit of gvgai, we have to do the following loop:

The question then becomes: do we have enough computational power to simulation a game worlds that is analogous enough to the real world, so that our AI algorithms will also apply to the real world?

To reduce computation requirements, it is better to focus on a 2D world at first. Such world with the right mechanics can break any AI, while still being faster to simulate than a 3D world.

The initial prototype uses the Urho3D open source game engine, and that is a reasonable project, but a raw Simple DirectMedia Layer + Box2D + OpenGL solution from scratch would be faster to develop for this use case, since Urho3D has a lot of human-gaming features that are not needed, and because 2019 Urho3D lead developers disagree with the China censored keyword attack.

Simulations such as these can be viewed as a form of synthetic data generation procedure, where the goal is to use computer worlds to reduce the costs of experiments and to improve reproducibility.

Ciro has always had a feeling that AI research in the 2020's is too unambitious. How many teams are actually aiming for AGI? When he then read Superintelligence by Nick Bostrom (2014) it said the same. AGI research has become a taboo in the early 21st century.

Related projects:

Related ideas:

Bibliograpy:

Ciro Santilli does not believe in free will of course because he is an agnostic and he believes that brains are controlled by the laws of physics, see also: physics and the illusion of life.

Kaʻula is a small, uninhabited island located in the Hawaiian Archipelago, specifically situated about 18 miles (29 kilometers) west of the island of Kauai. It is part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and is known for its rugged terrain and diverse ecosystems. Kaʻula was formed through volcanic activity, and its geography includes steep cliffs, rocky shores, and some vegetation.

Laser Flash Analysis (LFA) is a technique used primarily to measure the thermal conductivity of materials. It involves heating a sample using a short laser pulse and then measuring the temperature rise on the opposite side of the sample over time. The key components of the LFA method include: 1. **Sample Preparation**: The material being tested is typically in the form of a thin disc or pellet, which should be uniform in thickness and density.

2-opt is a local search algorithm commonly used to optimize routes in the field of combinatorial optimization, particularly in solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and related routing problems. The basic idea of 2-opt is to improve a given tour (or route) by iteratively removing two edges and reconnecting the two segments in a way that results in a shorter total distance.