Computational transportation science is an interdisciplinary field that leverages computational methods, data analysis, and modeling techniques to study and improve transportation systems. It combines elements from transportation engineering, computer science, operations research, and applied mathematics to address various challenges in transportation, such as traffic congestion, network optimization, transportation planning, and logistics.

The band gap refers to the energy difference between the valence band, which is the highest range of electron energies in a solid where electrons are normally present, and the conduction band, which is the range of electron energies where electrons can move freely and conduct electricity. In more detail: 1. **Valence Band**: This is the energy band that contains the electrons involved in bonding. Electrons in this band are generally not free to move, as they are bound to their respective atoms.

In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a **conductor** is a specific concept used to describe a relationship between two rings, particularly in the context of commutative rings with unity.

A coordinate covalent bond, also known as a dative bond, is a type of chemical bond in which one atom provides both electrons that are shared in the bond with another atom. This contrasts with a typical covalent bond, where each atom contributes one electron to the bond. In a coordinate covalent bond, the atom donating the pair of electrons is usually a Lewis base, while the atom accepting the electron pair is typically a Lewis acid.

As of my last update in October 2021, Daniel I. A. Cohen could refer to a number of different individuals, but there doesn't seem to be a widely recognized figure by that name. It's possible that he may be an academic, researcher, professional, or someone notable in a niche field. If you have a specific context or area in which you're referring to Daniel I. A. Cohen (such as literature, science, business, etc.

David Callaway could refer to multiple individuals, depending on the context. One notable figure is David Callaway, known for his work in the field of corporate finance, business strategy, or possibly another professional capacity. Additionally, "David Callaway" could also refer to a character in literature or media. For example, in the series "The Callaways," David Callaway is a notable character.

David Stove was an Australian philosopher known for his work in the philosophy of science, epistemology, and the critique of various philosophical movements. Born in 1927 and passing away in 1994, he gained recognition for his writings that often challenged the prevailing views in philosophy, particularly those associated with logical positivism and certain aspects of empiricism.