HTR3C refers to the serotonin receptor 3C, which is a subtype of the 5-HT3 receptor family. These receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). The 5-HT3 receptors are primarily involved in the central and peripheral nervous systems, playing crucial roles in processes such as mood regulation, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting.

Proton channels are specialized protein structures that facilitate the selective movement of protons (H⁺ ions) across cell membranes. These channels play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cellular respiration, signal transduction, and maintaining pH balance within cells.

The 5-HT3 receptor is a type of serotonin receptor that is part of the ligand-gated ion channel family. It is primarily involved in mediating the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

CLIC5 (Chloride Intracellular Channel 5) is a protein that is part of the CLIC (Chloride Intracellular Channel) family. These proteins are known for their role in cellular chloride ion transport and signaling. CLIC5, in particular, has been implicated in various physiological processes, including cell volume regulation, muscle contraction, and potentially playing a role in certain diseases.

The calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, commonly referred to as **CACNA1H**, is a protein that forms part of a type of calcium channel in the body. Specifically, it is a subunit of the T-type calcium channels, which are involved in various physiological processes.

CatSper3 (CatSper channel 3) is a member of the CatSper (cation channel of sperm) family of ion channels, which are important for male fertility. These channels are primarily expressed in sperm cells and are crucial for processes such as sperm motility and the ability of sperm to navigate toward the egg during fertilization. CatSper channels are calcium-permeable ion channels that help regulate intracellular calcium levels in sperm.

Cation channels of sperm are specialized ion channels located in the membranes of sperm cells that facilitate the flow of positively charged ions (cations) into and out of the sperm. These channels play a crucial role in sperm function, particularly in processes related to motility, fertilization, and hyperactivation.

KCNA7 is a gene that encodes a member of the potassium channel family. Specifically, it is known as "Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily A Member 7." This protein plays a critical role in regulating the flow of potassium ions across cell membranes, which is essential for maintaining the electrical excitability of cells, particularly in the nervous system and muscle tissues.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (CNGA1) is a protein that is part of the family of ion channels known as cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These channels are primarily involved in the sensory transduction processes in the visual and olfactory systems, allowing for the conversion of chemical signals into electrical signals in response to cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).

GABRR2 stands for "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor, Subunit R2." It is a gene that encodes a subtype of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, which is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABRR2 is part of the GABA receptor family that plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain.

GLRA2 stands for "Glycine Receptor Alpha 2," which is a protein that is part of the glycine receptor family. Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are critical for regulating neuronal excitability and play an important role in various physiological processes, including motor control, sensory processing, and spinal reflexes.

GLRA3, or Glycine receptor alpha-3, is a protein that is part of the glycine receptor family. Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that primarily mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Specifically, GLRA3 is one of the subunits that compose these receptors, where it plays a role in facilitating the flow of chloride ions into neurons when glycine, an amino acid that acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, binds to the receptor.

G protein-gated ion channels are a class of ion channels that are regulated by G proteins, which are intracellular signaling molecules that are activated by various types of receptors, typically G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). When a ligand (such as a neurotransmitter or hormone) binds to a GPCR, it activates the associated G protein by exchanging GDP for GTP.

GRIN1 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is a type of glutamate receptor in the brain. NMDA receptors play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and various neurophysiological processes. Specifically, GRIN1 encodes the NR1 subunit, which is essential for the formation and function of NMDA receptor complexes.

G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs or K_IR channels) are a type of ion channel that play a crucial role in regulating the electrical activity of cells, particularly in the heart and nervous system. These channels are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and help mediate the effects of neurotransmitters and hormones on cell excitability.

HVCN1, or Hydrogen Voltage-gated Channel 1, is a gene that encodes a protein which functions as a voltage-gated channel that specifically transports protons (H+ ions) across cell membranes. This transporter plays a significant role in maintaining the pH balance within cells and is believed to have cellular and physiological roles in various systems, including the immune system and possibly in cancer biology.

Gating in electrophysiology refers to the process by which ion channels (proteins embedded in cell membranes that allow ions to pass through) open or close in response to specific stimuli. This process is crucial for the generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons, muscle cells, and other excitable tissues. There are several types of gating mechanisms, including: 1. **Voltage Gating**: This type of gating occurs in response to changes in membrane potential.

The glycine receptor alpha-1 (GLRA1) is a type of neurotransmitter receptor that is primarily found in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord and brainstem. It is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel family and primarily mediates inhibitory neurotransmission through the neurotransmitter glycine.