Computer vision Updated 2025-07-16
Conceptual model Updated 2025-07-16
Protesters were posting large chunks of text multiple times into the blockchain as a way to protest against the controversial increase of block size.
tx 08893442680a20c4d0548dec2c8c421fa43336528b4e274dbf2652774f9c9f2d has the first copy of:which is the first line of a parody on:from the Baby Got Back hip-hop song.
tx 52159222289cd0a5afe0644150d0e23d5d272a57365627d5e869fdb458289858 has the first copy of:which is likely a copy of an email from the bitcoin development mailing list. This message is repeated dozens of times in other transactions.
Time to roll out bigger blocks
Millennium Prize Problems Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli would like to fully understand the statements and motivations of each the problems!
Easy to understand the motivation:
- Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness is basically the only problem that is really easy to understand the statement and motivation :-)
- p versus NP problem
Hard to understand the motivation!
- Riemann hypothesis: a bunch of results on prime numbers, and therefore possible applications to cryptographyOf course, everything of interest has already been proved conditionally on it, and the likely "true" result will in itself not have any immediate applications.As is often the case, the only usefulness would be possible new ideas from the proof technique, and people being more willing to prove stuff based on it without the risk of the hypothesis being false.
- Yang-Mills existence and mass gap: this one has to do with finding/proving the existence of a more decent formalization of quantum field theory that does not resort to tricks like perturbation theory and effective field theory with a random cutoff valueThis is important because the best theory of light and electrons (and therefore chemistry and material science) that we have today, quantum electrodynamics, is a quantum field theory.
Mindustry Updated 2025-07-16
Conveyor belt 2D top down mining like Factorio, but with more emphasis on tower defense/real-time strategy, PvP looks a lot like StarCraft or Age of Empires.
As of pre alpha 135, the most annoying thing is that you can't easily start a campaign scenario from fresh, if you lose you have to start from wave 1 but with everything already half built as you left it. This gives you a huge advantage...
It is also annoying that you have to manually rebuild everything that was destroyed afer each attack, unless you have some unit that you can only unlock later on...
mindustry-unofficial.fandom.com/wiki/Future_Content#New_Google_Play_Listing suggests freemium features being considered, but they are mostly minor or plaform specific. There seems to be no server list by default however, making the Steam multiplayer freemium valuable.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5ThSECaAwA suggests code drop is used.
It is a bit annoying that you have to unlock the tech tree little by little in campaign, but it does serve as a reasonable introduction to the general order of development. Games with progression state are boring, except when there is permadeath. But custom play scenarios have everything unlocked immediately, much better.
It is very cool that you can copy chunks of buildings as macros, and save them for later.
The game runs very well it feels like.
Condensed matter Physics bibliography Updated 2025-07-16
- When condensed matter physics became king by Joseph D. Martin (2019): physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4110
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=RImqF8z91fU&list=PLtTPtV8SRcxi91n9Mni2xcQX4KhjX91xp Solid State Physics" course by Sergey Frolov taught at the University of Pittsburgh in the Fall 2015 semester
Condensed matter subdepartment of the University of Oxford Updated 2025-07-16
Conglomerate (company) Updated 2025-07-16
Congruent matrix Updated 2025-07-16
Conjecture Updated 2025-07-16
A conjecture is an open problem in mathematics for which some famous dude gave heuristic arguments which indicate if the theorem is true or false.
Conjugate gradient method Updated 2025-07-16
For positive definite matrices only.
TODO application.
www.studentclustercompetition.us/ comments:
The HPCG benchmark uses a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm to measure the performance of HPC platforms with respect to frequently observed but challenging patterns of computing, communication, and memory access. While HPL provides an optimistic performance target for applications, HPCG can be considered as a lower bound on performance. Many of the top 500 supercomputers also provide their HPCG performance as a reference.
Connectome Updated 2025-07-16
Connectome scale Updated 2025-07-16
A Drosophila melanogaster has about 135k neurons, and we only managed to reconstruct its connectome in 2023.
The human brain has 86 billion neurons, about 1 million times more. Therefore, it is obvious that we are very very far away from a full connectome.
Instead however, we could look at larger scales of connectome, and then try from that to extract modules, and then reverse engineer things module by module.
This is likely how we are going to "understand how the human brain works".
Some notable connectomes:
Minkowski inner product matrix Updated 2025-07-16
Copley Medal Updated 2025-07-16
royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ says it is now open to international citizens, but having a quick look at the 2010 awards still suggests that it is very British centric, or at least anglophone centric, much like the society fellowship itself. That's likely the reason why the Nobel prize won, being much more international from the start.
Mitochondria are only inherited from the mother Updated 2025-07-16
Notably, it does not undergo crossover.
MLperf Updated 2025-07-16
mlcommons.org/en/ Their homepage is not amazingly organized, but it does the job.
Benchmark focused on deep learning. It has two parts:Furthermore, a specific network model is specified for each benchmark in the closed category: so it goes beyond just specifying the dataset.
Results can be seen e.g. at:
Those URLs broke as of 2025 of course, now you have to click on their Tableau down to the 2.1 round and there's no fixed URL for it:
And there are also separate repositories for each:
Modem router Updated 2025-07-16
Modulation Updated 2025-07-16
But now people want to send voice. How to do it?
It would not be practical without modulation: Why can't you send voice without modulation?
Molecular biology feels like systems programming Updated 2025-07-16
Whenever Ciro Santilli learns about molecular biology, he can't help but to feel that it feels like programming, and notably systems programming and computer hardware design.
In some sense, the comparison is obvious: DNA is clearly a programmable medium like any assembly language, but still, systems programming did give Ciro some further feelings.
- The most important analogy perhaps is observability, or more precisely the lack of it. For the computer, this is described at: The lower level you go into a computer, the harder it is to observe things.And then, when Ciro started learning a bit about biology techniques, he started to feel the exact same thing.For example when he played with E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab, the main thing Ciro felt was: it is going to be hard to verify any of this data, because it is hard/impossible to know the concentration of each element in a cell as a function of time.More generally of course, this is exactly why making any biology discovery is so hard: we can't easily see what's going on inside the cell, and have to resort to indirect ways of doing so..This exact idea was highlighted by I should have loved biology by James Somers:
For a computer scientist, a biologist's methods can seem insane; the trouble comes from the fact that cells are too small, too numerous, too complex to analyze the way a programmer would, say in a step-by-step debugger.
And then just like in software, some of the methods biologists use to overcome the lack of visibility have direct software analogues:- add instrumentation to cells, e.g. GFP tagging comes to mind
- emulation, e.g. E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
- The boot process is another one. E.g. in x86 the way that you start in 16-bit mode, largely compatible into the 70's, then move to 32-bit and finally 64, does feel a lot the way a earlier stages of embryo development looks more and more like more ancient animals.
Ciro likes to think that maybe that is why a hardcore systems programmer like Bert Hubert got into molecular biology.
Some other people who mention similar things:
- I should have loved biology by James Somers highlights the computer abstraction layer analogy between the two:
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.