Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film) Updated 2025-07-16
This is not bad, but some divergences to the better BBC miniseries, which presumably sticks more closely to the novel:
- in the film Jim Prideaux is captured in a cafe in Prague, in the series it's in the woods. It is therefore much more plausible that he would have been shot.
- in the film Peter Guillam is played by Benedict Cumberbatch, who feels a bit young to be Ricki Tarr's boss. Not impossible, but still.
- the series is much less chronological, and more flashback based, as new information becomes available. The film is more chronological, which makes it easier to understand, but less interesting at the same time.
- in the film they shoot the Russian girl Irina in front of Jim, in the series the fact that she was shot is only known through other sources. The film has more eye candy, which weakens it.
- Toby Esterhase is not threatened in an airfield, only in a safe ;house in London.
How large primes are found for RSA Updated 2025-07-16
Answers suggest hat you basically pick a random large odd number, and add 2 to it until your selected primality test passes.
The prime number theorem tells us that the probability that a number between 1 and is a prime number is .
Human Compatible Updated 2025-07-16
The key takeaway is that setting an explicit value function to an AGI entity is a good way to destroy the world due to poor AI alignment. We are more likely to not destroy by creating an AI whose goals is to "do want humans what it to do", but in a way that it does not know before hand what it is that humans want, and it has to learn from them. This approach appears to be known as reward modeling.
Some other cool ideas:
- a big thing that is missing for AGI in the 2010's is some kind of more hierarchical representation of the continuous input data of the world, e.g.:
- game theory can be seen as part of artificial intelligence that deals with scenarios where multiple intelligent agents are involved
- probability plays a crucial role in our everyday living, even though we don't think too much about it every explicitly. He gives a very good example of the cost/risk tradeoffs of planning to the airport to catch a plane. E.g.:
- economy, and notably the study of the utility, is intrinsically linked to AI alignment
Human essential fatty acid Updated 2025-07-16
Ruby on Rails React integration Updated 2025-07-16
Integrations React integration:
- github.com/shakacode/react_on_rails: webpack and server-side rendering
- github.com/reactjs/react-rails Official on the React side only. Demo app linked from package: github.com/BookOfGreg/react-rails-example-app and how it fails: github.com/BookOfGreg/react-rails-example-app/issues/30... The related projects section has some good links:
- shakacode/react_on_rails
- github.com/hyperstack-org/hyperstack transpiles Ruby to JavaScript + React. What could possibly go wrong? :-)
Human + Computer team vs Computer chess Updated 2025-07-16
Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics by Julian Schwinger (1958) Updated 2025-07-16
Time-independent Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle Updated 2025-07-16
so the solution is:We notice that the solution has continuous spectrum, since any value of can provide a solution.
Heat equation Updated 2025-07-16
Besides being useful in engineering, it was very important historically from a "development of mathematics point of view", e.g. it was the initial motivation for the Fourier series.
Some interesting properties:
- TODO confirm: for a fixed boundary condition that does not depend on time, the solutions always approaches one specific equilibrium function.This is in contrast notably with the wave equation, which can oscillate forever.
- TODO: for a given point, can the temperature go down and then up, or is it always monotonic with time?
- information propagates instantly to infinitely far. Again in contrast to the wave equation, where information propagates at wave speed.
Sample numerical solutions:
One-to-one (data-model) Updated 2025-07-16
Subtitle editor Updated 2025-07-16
ELF Hello World Tutorial Section header table Updated 2025-07-16
Array of
Elf64_Shdr structs.Each entry contains metadata about a given section.
e_shoff of the ELF header gives the starting position, 0x40 here.So the table takes bytes from 0x40 to
0x40 + 7 + 0x40 - 1 = 0x1FF.Some section names are reserved for certain section types: www.sco.com/developers/gabi/2003-12-17/ch4.sheader.html#special_sections e.g.
.text requires a SHT_PROGBITS type and SHF_ALLOC + SHF_EXECINSTRRunning:outputs:
readelf -S hello_world.oThere are 7 section headers, starting at offset 0x40:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Address Offset
Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align
[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0
[ 1] .data PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00000200
000000000000000d 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 4
[ 2] .text PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00000210
0000000000000027 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 16
[ 3] .shstrtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00000240
0000000000000032 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[ 4] .symtab SYMTAB 0000000000000000 00000280
00000000000000a8 0000000000000018 5 6 4
[ 5] .strtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00000330
0000000000000034 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[ 6] .rela.text RELA 0000000000000000 00000370
0000000000000018 0000000000000018 4 2 4
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)The
struct represented by each entry is:typedef struct {
Elf64_Word sh_name;
Elf64_Word sh_type;
Elf64_Xword sh_flags;
Elf64_Addr sh_addr;
Elf64_Off sh_offset;
Elf64_Xword sh_size;
Elf64_Word sh_link;
Elf64_Word sh_info;
Elf64_Xword sh_addralign;
Elf64_Xword sh_entsize;
} Elf64_Shdr; Quartz clock Updated 2025-07-16
Animal-in-the-loop Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli invented this term, it refers to mechanisms in which you put an animal in a virtual world that the animal can control, and where you can measure the animal's outputs.
- MouseGoggles www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3301474/v1 | twitter.com/hongyu_chang/status/1704910865583993236
- Fruit fly setup from Penn State: scitechdaily.com/secrets-of-fly-vision-for-rapid-flight-control-and-staggeringly-fast-reaction-speed/
Heavy water Updated 2025-07-16
Cody'sLab had a nice 5 video series on making it at home! But the United States Government asked him to take it down as suggested at Video "What's Been Going On With Cody'sLab? by Cody'sLab (2019)" at youtu.be/x1mv0vwb08Y?t=84.
Here's to the crazy ones Updated 2025-07-16
Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.
Hyperbolic gemoetry Updated 2025-07-16
ELF Hello World Tutorial Section vs segment Updated 2025-07-16
- section: exists before linking, in object files.Major information sections contain for the linker: is this section:
- segment: exists after linking, in the executable file.Contains information about how each segment should be loaded into memory by the OS, notably location and permissions.
III-V semiconductor Updated 2025-07-16
Most notable example: gallium arsenide, see also: gallium arsenide vs silicon.
An important class of semiconductors, e.g. there is a dedicated III-V lab at: École Polytechnique: www.3-5lab.fr/contactus.php
ELF Hello World Tutorial Specified file formats Updated 2025-07-16
The ELF standard specifies multiple file formats:
- Object files (
.o).Intermediate step to generating executables and other formats:Source code | | Compilation | v Object file | | Linking | v ExecutableObject files exist to make compilation faster: withmake, we only have to recompile the modified source files based on timestamps.
- Executable files (no standard Linux extension).This is what the Linux kernel can actually run.
- Archive files (
.a).Libraries meant to be embedded into executables during the Linking step.
- Shared object files (
.so).Libraries meant to be loaded when the executable starts running.
- Core dumps.Such files may be generated by the Linux kernel when the program does naughty things, e.g. segfault.They exist to help debugging the program.
In this tutorial, we consider only object and executable files.
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