Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli  40

www.bidspotter.com/en-us/auction-catalogues/bscsur/catalogue-id-bscsur10011/lot-c6605b41-1a14-40e5-a255-a5c5000866e0 (archive) Cannot exact same product on official website, but here is a similar one: www.fishersci.co.uk/shop/products/lm-26-2uv-transilluminator/12382038 (archive).

biochromspectros.com/spectrophotometers/simplinano-cat/simplinano-spectrophotometer.html (archive)

Manual: biochromspectros.com/media/wysiwyg/support_page/support-simplinano/Simplinano-UM.pdf (archive)

The first thing we did was to filter the water samples with a membrane filter that is so fine that not even bacteria can pass through, but water can.

Therefore, after filtration, we would have all particles such as bacteria and larger dirt pieces in the filter.

From the 1 liter in each bottle, we only used 400 ml because previous experiments showed that filtering the remaining 600 ml is very time consuming because the membrane filter gets clogged up.

Therefore, the filtration step allows us to reduce those 400 ml volumes to more manageable Eppendorf tube volumes: Figure 1. "An Eppendorf tube". Reagents are expensive, and lab bench centrifuges are small!

Since the filter is so fine, filtering by gravity alone would take forever, and so we used a vacuum pump to speed thing up!

For that we used:

After filtration, all DNA should present in the filter, so we cut the paper up with scissors and put the pieces into an Eppendorf: Video 1. "Cutting vacuum pump filter and placing it in Eppendorf".

Now that we had the DNA in Eppendorfs, we were ready to continue the purification in a simpler and more standardized lab pipeline fashion.

First we added some small specialized beads and chemicals to the water and shook them Eppendorfs hard in a Scientific Industries Inc. Vortex-Genie 2 machine to break the cell and free the DNA.

Once that was done, we added several reagents which split the solution into two phases: one containing the DNA and the other not. We would then pipette the phase with the DNA out to the next Eppendorf, and continue the process.

In one step for example, the DNA was present as a white precipitate at the bottom of the tube, and we threw away the supernatant liquid: Figure 1. "White precipitate formed with Qiagen DNeasy PowerWater Kit".

At various stages, centrifuging was also necessary. Much like the previous vacuum pump step, this adds extra gravity to speed up the separation of phases with different molecular masses.

In our case, we used a VWR Micro Star 17 microcentrifuge for those steps:

Then, when we had finally finished all the purification steps, we measured the quantity of DNA with a Biochrom SimpliNano spectrophotometer to check that the purification went well:

And because the readings were good, we put it in our -20 C fridge to preserve it until the second day of the workshop and called it a day:

Finance is a cancer of society. But I have to admit it, it's kind of cool.

arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/11/private-microwave-networks-financial-hft/ The secret world of microwave networks (2016) Fantastic article.

Apparently, DC current comes in, and microwaves come out.

TODO: sample power efficiently of this conversion and output spectrum of this conversion on some cheap device we can buy today.

For the most part, a great pseudo-country to live in with lots of cultural diversity, art and safety.

However, Europe is in economic decline after all its Jewish and German geniuses fled in/after World War II and due to having more than one natural language is bad for the world.

Ciro Santilli moved to Europe in 2010.

Exist because double bonds don't rotate freely. Have different properties of course, unlike enantiomer.

Bibliography:

Mirror images.

Key exmaple: d and L amino acids. Enantiomers have identical physico-chemical properties. But their biological roles can be very different, because an enzyme might only be able to act on one of them.

TODO definition. Appears to be isomers

Example:

Molecules that are the same if you just look at "what atom is linked to what atom", they are only different if you consider the relative spacial positions of atoms.

Higher spin multiplicity means lower energy. I.e.: you want to keep all spins pointin in the same direction.