Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

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Scientific computing Updated 2025-07-16

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Multimedia software Updated 2025-07-16

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Software engineering Updated 2025-07-16

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Software portability Updated 2025-07-16

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Technology Updated 2025-07-16

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Version control Updated 2025-07-16

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Trinity Updated 2025-07-16

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Sikhism Updated 2025-07-16

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Uracil Updated 2025-07-16

Replaces Thymine in RNA.

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Intel Updated 2025-07-16

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Particle accelerator facility Updated 2025-07-16

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Test data 12 Updated 2025-07-16

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Test data 9 Updated 2025-07-16

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Fraction Updated 2025-07-16

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Real line Updated 2025-07-16

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Polymerase chain reaction Updated 2025-07-16

This is an extremely widely used technique as of 2020 and much earlier.

If allows you to amplify "any" sequence of choice (TODO length limitations) between a start and end sequences of interest which you synthesize.

If the sequence of interest is present, it gets amplified exponentially, and you end up with a bunch of DNA at the end.

You can then measure the DNA concentration based on simple light refraction methods to see if there is a lot of DNA or not in the post-processed sample.

Even Ciro Santilli had some contact with it at: Section "How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it", see: PCR!

One common problem that happens with PCR if you don't design your primers right is: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_dimer

Sometime it fails: www.reddit.com/r/molecularbiology/comments/1kouomw/when_your_pcr_fails_again_and_you_start/

Nothing humbles you faster than a bandless gel. One minute you’re a scientist, the next you’re just a pipette-wielding wizard casting spells that don’t work. Meanwhile, physicists are out there acting like gravity always behaves. Smash that upvote if your reagents have ever gaslit you.

and a comment:

PCR = Pray, Cry, Repeat

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Ciro's Edict #8 / Advances Updated 2025-07-16

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Nightmare Updated 2025-07-16

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Polynomial over a field Updated 2025-07-16

By default, we think of polynomials over the real numbers or complex numbers.

However, a polynomial can be defined over any other field just as well, the most notable example being that of a polynomial over a finite field.

For example, given the finite field of order 9,

GP (3)

and with elements

{0, 1, 2}

, we can denote polynomials over that ring as

GP (3) [x]

where

x

is the variable name.

For example, one such polynomial could be:

P (x) = 2 x^{4} + x^{2} + 2

and another one:

Q (X) = x^{3} + 2 x^{2} + 2

Note how all the coefficients are members of the finite field we chose.

Given this, we could evaluate the polynomial for any element of the field, e.g.:

P (0) = 2 (0 \times 0 \times 0 \times 0) + (0 \times 0) + 2 = 2 P (1) = 2 (1 \times 1 \times 1 \times 1) + (1 \times 1) + 2 = 2 (1) + 1 + 2 = 2 P (2) = 2 (2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2) + (2 \times 2) + 2 = 2 (16

and so on.

We can also add polynomials as usual over the field:

P (x) + Q (x) = 2 x^{4} + x^{3} + (1 + 2) x^{2} + (2 + 2) = 2 x^{4} + x^{3} + (0) x^{2} + 1 = 2 x^{4} + x^{3} + 1

and multiplication works analogously.

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Wiki Updated 2025-07-16

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