Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

It takes time for the quantum state to evolve. So in order to have a deep quantum circuit, we need longer coherence times.

Pieter Zeeman for the Zeeman effect.

Atomic theory.

Discovery of:

Gas chromatography.

This was so hot (no pun intended) and reproducible that the prize was awarded one year after discovery. Quite rare in those days already.

For Fractional quantum Hall effect for $\nu =1/m$.