Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein by 
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01Just like the adenine nucleotide translocator moves ATP/ADP in and out, this one moves loose phosphate in.
Both of those together recycle the cellular respiration carriers from/to the mitochondria.
Based on JCVI-syn3.0, they've added a few genes back to give better phenotypes, including slightly faster duplication time. Because the development cycle time is your God is also true in biology.
As of essential metabolism for a minimal cell (2019) it had only 91 genes of unknown function! So funny.
Bibliograpy:
JCVI-syn3A during cell division by David Goodsell (2022)
Source. A description is present at: cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/goodsell/2022_JCVI-syn3A.pdf Integrative Illustration of a JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell by David Goodsell (2022) which describes everything in the picture.Can you imagine when those guys started to see moons in other planets? They must have shat bricks. What better evidence can you have that the geocentric model could be wrong?
Started at Google Quantum AI in 2014.
Has his LaTeX notes at: github.com/DanielSank/theory. One day he will convert to OurBigBook.com. Interesting to see that he is able to continue his notes despite being at Google.
ELF Hello World Tutorial Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
STT_NOTYPE by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01Then come the most important symbols:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
4: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 hello_world
5: 000000000000000d 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS hello_world_len
6: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 2 _start ELF Hello World Tutorial Dynamic section by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01Contains a lot of different flag masks.
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 origin of replication by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01Note that this is not the conventional starting point for gene numbering: Section "E. Coli genome starting point".
gothinkster/django-realworld-example-app by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01As of 2021, last updated 2016, and python 3.5 appears to be mandatory or else:which apparently broke in 3.6: stackoverflow.com/questions/41343263/provide-classcell-example-for-python-3-6-metaclass and
RuntimeError: __class__ not set defining 'AbstractBaseUser' as <class 'django.contrib.auth.base_user.AbstractBaseUser'>. Was __classcell__ propagated to type.__new__?pyenv install fails on Ubuntu 20.10, so... fuck. Workarounds at:but am I in the mood considering that the ancient Django version would require an immediate port anyways? Repo is at Django 1.0, while newest is now already Django 3. The Rails one is broken for the same reason. Fuck 2.
Often just called collimated light due to the collimator being the main procedure to obtain it.
However, you move very far away from the source, e.g. the Sun, you also get essentially parallel light.
Exactly 131 commit apoptosis in the hermaphrodite.
www.wormatlas.org/celllineages.html contains the full lineage as some huge and impossible to view images. This image was taken directly from The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans where it is split across many pages, it is a thing of beauty on the PDF.
www.wormatlas.org/celllistsulston.htm contains a non-hierarchical table with the cells and their names.
One of the most beautiful molecular machines known!
The first one with such complexity that was uncovered.
The ATP synthase complex is so large that Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006) page 123 contains a cryoEM image of several ATP synthases on small membrane vesicles, this is the paper: pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi00437a031# under a fucking paywall.
Advanced quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017) Lecture 2 by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01Using the TLB makes translation faster, because the initial translation takes one access per TLB level, which means 2 on a simple 32 bit scheme, but 3 or 4 on 64 bit architectures.
The TLB is usually implemented as an expensive type of RAM called content-addressable memory (CAM). CAM implements an associative map on hardware, that is, a structure that given a key (linear address), retrieves a value.
Mappings could also be implemented on RAM addresses, but CAM mappings may required much less entries than a RAM mapping.
linear physical
------ --------
00000 00001
00001 00010
00010 00011
FFFFF 00000 x86 Paging Tutorial Process memory layout by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01For each process, the virtual address space looks like this:
------------------ 2^32 - 1
Stack (grows down)
v v v v v v v v v
------------------
(unmapped)
------------------ Maximum stack size.
(unmapped)
-------------------
mmap
-------------------
(unmapped)
-------------------
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
brk (grows up)
-------------------
BSS
-------------------
Data
-------------------
Text
-------------------
------------------- 0The kernel maintains a list of pages that belong to each process, and synchronizes that with the paging.
If the program accesses memory that does not belong to it, the kernel handles a page-fault, and decides what to do:
When an ELF file is loaded by the kernel to start a program with the
exec system call, the kernel automatically registers text, data, BSS and stack for the program.The
brk and mmap areas can be modified by request of the program through the brk and mmap system calls. But the kernel can also deny the program those areas if there is not enough memory.brk and mmap can be used to implement malloc, or the so called "heap".mmap is also used to load dynamically loaded libraries into the program's memory so that it can access and run it.Stack allocation: stackoverflow.com/questions/17671423/stack-allocation-for-process
Calculating exact addresses Things are complicated by:
- Address Space Layout Randomization.
- the fact that environment variables, CLI arguments, and some ELF header data take up initial stack space: unix.stackexchange.com/questions/145557/how-does-stack-allocation-work-in-linux/239323#239323
Why the text does not start at 0: stackoverflow.com/questions/14795164/why-do-linux-program-text-sections-start-at-0x0804800-and-stack-tops-start-at-0
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