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Gaussian integral

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The Gaussian integral refers to the integral of the function \( e^{-x^2} \) over the entire real line.

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Gaussian integral by Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
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The Gaussian integral is
∫−∞∞​e−ax2dx=aπ​​,a>0.
(1)
Squaring the integral and changing to polar coordinates proves the formula.
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