A relativistic gravitational theory constructed by Jacob Bekenstein using tensor, vector and scalar fields, together with a specified physical metric for matter. It illustrates how the low-acceleration phenomenology of MOND can be embedded in a theory with calculable light deflection. Matching rotation curves is not sufficient to establish its lensing or cosmological predictions.^[ref]

For a finite set $S$ of positive integers, its minimum excluded positive integer isFor example, $S=\{1,2,4\}$ gives three, while $S=\{2,4\}$ gives one. The answer lies between one and $|S|+1$, since those $|S|+1$ candidates cannot all lie in $S$.

The ordinary minimum excludant permits zero and would be zero for either example, because $S$ contains only positive integers. Choosing the positive or nonnegative convention is therefore part of the definition of the desired result.

A maximum-value feasible network flow chosen to have the least total cost among all maximum-value flows. It combines a maximum-flow objective with a minimum-cost flow objective.

Mimulus guttatus is a yellow-flowered plant widely used in research on adaptation, hybridization and speciation. Kew treats it under the accepted name Erythranthe guttata, so the two names can refer to the same experimental species.^[ref]

A deterministic Miller-Rabin primality test chooses bases justified to distinguish every composite in a specified input range, instead of sampling bases for a probabilistic guarantee. For each base, write $n-1=2^{s}d$ with odd $d$, test $a^d\mathrm{mod}n$, and square successively according to the Miller-Rabin primality test. A failing base certifies compositeness; passing a fixed list certifies primality only under the proven range theorem for that list. For machine integers such as $n<2^{64}$, established finite-range base sets permit deterministic implementations. The exact bases, bound, treatment of small primes and modular-arithmetic overflow are part of the algorithm's contract.

A lattice direction $[uvw]$ lies parallel to a plane $(hkl)$ exactly when $hu+kv+lw=0$. Indeed, their direct and reciprocal lattice vectors have dot product proportional to this expression. This statement holds for noncubic cells as well; angles between directions still require the direct-lattice metric tensor.

Four hexagonal crystallographic plane indices $(hkil)$ with $i=-(h+k)$; the basal plane is $(0001)$.

A conserved microRNA family involved in developmental regulation and repression of growth-related targets, with demonstrated tumour-suppressive activity in selected models.

A microRNA encoded with miR-16-1 in a cluster implicated in B-cell proliferative control. The broader deleted genomic region can have effects beyond the miRNA genes.

A microRNA locus associated with the miR-15a cluster. Locus-specific genetic tests should be distinguished from perturbation of other related family members.

A microRNA family with members inducible by p53 in appropriate contexts. Forced expression and endogenous requirement are distinct: complete family deletion did not abolish the tested p53 responses in one mouse study.^[ref]