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Chloroacetyl chloride is , an acyl chloride bearing an additional chlorine on the adjacent carbon. The two chlorine atoms occupy chemically different sites.
Nucleophiles can replace the acyl chloride leaving group to form chloroacetyl derivatives. The retained carbon-bound chlorine can then provide a separate site for substitution, illustrating functional-group differentiation within one molecule.
Gallium trichloride is , a gallium(III) halide and Lewis acid. Its electron-pair-accepting behavior allows it to form adducts with donor molecules.
An iminium ion contains a positively charged nitrogen associated with a carbon-nitrogen double bond, commonly . Protonation or alkylation of an imine can produce such a species.
The carbon is electrophilic, supporting nucleophilic addition. Iminium formation therefore provides a way to activate carbonyl-derived substrates through temporary nitrogen-containing intermediates.
A carbocation is a positively charged carbon-containing species with the positive charge associated with its carbon framework. A classical three-coordinate carbenium center has an electron-deficient carbon and an available acceptor orbital.
Resonance, hyperconjugation, and neighboring groups can stabilize or redistribute the charge. The resulting reactivity includes nucleophilic capture and possible rearrangement; a drawn localized charge need not describe the complete electronic structure.
, with a linear C–N–N skeleton and a planar carbon environment. Important resonance contributors are and .
The hydrogen anion , or a hydride equivalent transferred from a reagent with its bonding electron pair. Bonded hydride transfer does not imply freely solvated is present.
A structure with two alkoxy groups attached to the same saturated carbon. Acetal hydrolysis restores a carbonyl compound.
A chemical carcinogen used in experimental models of oesophageal carcinogenesis. Differences in detoxification and DNA damage can influence which epithelial populations persist during exposure.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact