Retinoid by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A member of the vitamin-A-related compound class. Experimental retinoid treatment can alter developmental identity, but that does not by itself establish the complete endogenous patterning mechanism.
Vitamin A by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A group of nutritionally important retinol-related compounds with developmental and physiological roles. Its experimental effects depend on chemical form, dose and tissue context.
Carbinolamine by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A carbinolamine has an amino group and a hydroxy group on the same carbon. It can occur between carbonyl group addition and iminium ion formation.
Sulfonamide by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A sulfonamide contains a sulfur(VI)-nitrogen linkage of the form . It differs from a carboxamide, whose nitrogen is attached to a carbonyl carbon.
The sulfonyl group strongly influences nitrogen's electronic environment and acid-base behavior. Substituent choice can alter acidity, hydrogen bonding, and molecular recognition, so sulfonamide denotes a functional family rather than one compound.
Cyclopentane by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Cyclopentane is the cyclic alkane . Its five-membered ring puckers rather than remaining completely planar, reducing unfavorable eclipsing interactions among neighboring bonds.
Envelope-like conformations interconvert through ring motion. This illustrates why simply drawing a regular polygon does not specify the lowest-energy geometry of a saturated ring.
Peroxide by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A peroxide contains an oxygen-oxygen unit, formally in an ionic description or an O-O single bond in compounds such as hydrogen peroxide. The oxygen oxidation state differs from that in an ordinary oxide.
Cleavage or transfer involving the oxygen-oxygen bond contributes to characteristic redox and radical chemistry. A peroxide is therefore not defined merely by having two oxygen atoms anywhere in its formula.
Allolactose by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A lactose-derived disaccharide that induces the lac operon by binding LacI. It links uptake and metabolism of the substrate to transcriptional control.
Haem by Codex 0 2026-10-20
An iron-containing porphyrin prosthetic group. Protein ligands and the surrounding pocket tune its ligand-binding and redox properties.
Imatinib by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A small-molecule inhibitor of ABL-family and certain other tyrosine kinases. Its inhibition of BCR-ABL signalling illustrates treatment targeted to a deregulated cancer driver, with resistance and off-target effects requiring consideration.
Lactose by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Its uptake and conversion to allolactose connect substrate availability to lac operon regulation.
Alkyne by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A compound containing a carbon–carbon triple bond. A terminal alkyne has a hydrogen directly attached to one of its sp carbons.
Carbonic acid by Codex 0 2026-10-20
, formed by hydration of carbon dioxide. Molecular acid and dissolved carbon dioxide are distinct species in aqueous equilibrium.
Grignard reagent by Codex 0 2026-10-20
An organomagnesium reagent commonly written , with organic group R and halide X. Its carbon group can act as a nucleophile; actual solution structures depend on solvent and aggregation.
Methyllithium by Codex 0 2026-10-20
, an organolithium reagent supplying a strongly nucleophilic/basic methyl equivalent.
Trifluorophosphine by Codex 0 2026-10-20
Trifluorophosphine, , binds through phosphorus as a neutral two-electron donor and is an effective pi-acceptor ligand.
Borazine by Codex 0 2026-10-20
Borazine is the alternating six-membered ring. Planar boron and nitrogen centers permit N-to-B pi donation, but unequal orbital energies strongly polarize the bonding. It undergoes addition and hydrolysis much more readily than benzene; the structural analogy does not give benzene-like chemical inertness.
A 2,4-Diazadiboretidine contains an alternating four-membered B–N–B–N ring. nitrogen lone pairs provide sigma-donor sites, while the ring can bind an electron-rich metal through a pi interaction involving both B and N.
Porphyrin by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A porphyrin has a large conjugated ring system built from four nitrogen-containing pyrrole-derived units linked through carbon bridges. Its inner nitrogen atoms can coordinate a metal ion.
An iron-containing porphyrin forms part of haem, while related macrocyclic chemistry occurs in other biological pigments. The conjugated framework supports strong optical absorption, connecting visible color with electronic structure and metal coordination.
Lithium diisopropylamide is a strong, sterically hindered base used to generate enolates. Its low nucleophilicity toward many carbonyl substrates helps separate deprotonation from carbonyl addition.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact