Institutional laboratory protocol issued by UNSW School of Physics, in Physclips. The page heading is Measuring velocities using the Doppler Shift; its HTML title is Doppler Effect Laboratory. No individual author byline or reliable publication or revision date is established. A feedback contact is not treated as an author.

Official laboratory page: www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/labs/doppler/doppler_lab.html

Cited passages: Introduction, Figures 1–2; Circular Motion, Measurements 1–6 and Analysis; Linear Motion: Bicycle, Moving Source, Plot Spectrum and Peak readout. The article uses the moving-source protocol; the page’s moving-observer velocity inversion is not adopted.

By Richard Fitzpatrick. Authored lecture webpage on the University of Texas at Austin author website. The footer dates the page 20 July 2010; no book publication date is established.

Online text: farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/lectures/node66.html

Cited passages: equations (506)–(512).

By Andrew G. Truscott, Kevin E. Strecker, William I. McAlexander, Guthrie B. Partridge, Randall G. Hulet. Science 291(5513), 2570–2572, 30 March 2001. IIT Delhi hosts this journal reprint. The 14 April 2008 cover timestamp records a download, not publication.

Institutional full text: web.iitd.ac.in/~sankalpa/Fermi-pressure.pdf

DOI: doi.org/10.1126/science.1059318

Cited passages: pp. 2570–2572, Figures 1–3.

Institutional museum record from the Royal Institution, crediting William Henry Bragg with designing and making the spectrometer. The object date, 1912, is distinct from the undated web record.

Collection record: www.rigb.org/explore-science/explore/collection/william-braggs-spectrometer

Institutional historical account from University of Leeds Library Special Collections, in its Bragg notebook research spotlight. No individual byline or web publication date is established.

Online text: library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections/research-spotlight/2060

Cited passage: Lawrence Bragg’s November 1912 announcement; the historical date is distinct from the web account’s publication date.

Institutional reference by the International Union of Crystallography. Individual entries record their own revision dates; these do not establish first publication dates.

By William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg. Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A 88(605), 428–438, 1 July 1913. Received 7 April and read 17 April 1913.

DOI: doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1913.0040

Institutional scan: chair.itp.ac.ru/biblio/papers/ClassicPapersSeminar/Bragg1913a.pdf

Cited passages: pp. 428–430, apparatus and alignment check; pp. 435–438, repeated orders, absorption comparison and structural inference.

By Arthur Holly Compton, printed as Arthur H. Compton. Published in Physical Review 21, 483–502, May 1923. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology hosts this copy of the original paper.

DOI: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.21.483

Online text: web.phys.ntnu.no/~stovneng/TFY4215_H2020/artikler/compton_1923.pdf

Cited section: Full 20-page primary-paper scan opened through NTNU host; experimental-test passage on printed pp. 494–495 (PDF pp. 12–13), including Figure 4 axis and caption; Printed p. 494 footnote postponing fuller experiment description; Printed p. 496 (PDF p. 14), opening of Velocity of recoil of the scattering electrons; Opening abstract and quantum-hypothesis passage in indexed full scan.

Technical document issued and hosted by Thorlabs. No individual author or publication or revision date is established. The 2020 URL component identifies an archive path, not a verified publication year. Indexed primary-document excerpts were inspected; direct opening returned an empty vendor page.

Original document address: www.thorlabs.com/catalogpages/Obsolete/2020/FGAP71.pdf

Cited passages: Lab Facts, Photodiode Saturation Limit and Noise Floor, Figures 1–3; Dark Current as a Function of Temperature, Experimental Setup and Experimental Limitations.

Technical document issued and hosted by Thorlabs. No individual author or publication or revision date is established. Indexed primary-document excerpts were inspected; direct opening returned an empty vendor page.

Original document address: www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Photodetector_Lab.pdf

Cited passages: p. 7 of 12, Experimental Design — Noise Floor, and labelled apparatus schematic.

Additional indexed primary-document locator: Experimental Limitations, pp. 11–12. The indexed passage concerns one FDS100 silicon photodiode under continuous-wave illumination; its scope should be retained when interpreting the reported observations. The full vendor PDF remained unreadable through the browser used for this inspection.

Technical note issued and hosted by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.. No individual author is credited. Page 17 states that the information is current as of December 2025; this is an information-currency date, not an established first-publication date.

Technical note: www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/ssd/si_pd_kspd9001e.pdf

Cited passages: pp. 2–3, §§1-1–1-2; p. 6, §§2-3–2-4; p. 7, §2-6; p. 9, §3-1 and Figure 3-1; p. 17, issuer and date statement.

Laboratory instructions issued by Physikalisches Grundpraktikum, Universität Leipzig and hosted on the university website. No individual author or instructor is credited. No publication or revision date is established.

Official laboratory instructions: home.uni-leipzig.de/prakphys/pdf/VersucheIPSP/Electricity/E-03e-AUF.pdf

Institutional laboratory catalog: home.uni-leipzig.de/prakphys/index.php?content=VersucheIPSP&lang=de&ref=e

Cited passages: PDF p. 1, Tasks 1 and 4 and instruments; pp. 5–6, Measurement of impedances and Figure 5; p. 6, final RC comparison instructions.

Institutional demonstration page credited to Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations, issued and hosted by Harvard University. No personal author or publication or revision date is established. Referenced authors on the page are not its authors.

Official demonstration page: sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/frustrated-total-internal-reflection

Cited passages: How it works: two 45–90-degree prisms, transition as air film narrows, evanescent coupling; How it works: helium-neon laser, two perpendicular screens, clamp and explicitly unmeasured air gap; Setting it up: clean contact faces, corner protection and screen visibility.

Institutional laboratory instructions from University of Maryland Department of Physics, which hosts the document. No personal byline or separate institutional author credit is established. No publication or revision date is established; the course-path name and year do not establish an author, instructor or publication date.

Official laboratory instructions: physics.umd.edu/courses/Phys375/Appelbaum_Fall2010/LABS/Lab1.pdf

Cited passages: p. 1, laser and photodiode, stepper controller and rotation stage, aperture-limited voltage and retroreflection alignment; p. 1, detector-voltage versus angle scanning and beam-position uncertainty; p. 2, Total Internal Reflection: semicircular block concentric with rotation axis, detector along flat face and strong/weak near-critical signals.

Instrument manual and experiment guide issued and hosted by PASCO scientific, manual 012-04695D. The cover title is Thermal Radiation System: Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for Model TD-8553/8554A/8555. No personal author is credited.

Cover revision: March 1999 (03/99). Copyright 1988 is a separate date; no first publication date is established.

Official manual: cdn.pasco.com/product_document/Thermal-Radiation-System-Manual-TD-8553.pdf

Cited passages: cover: model numbers, institutional issuer, revision 03/99 and copyright 1988; printed p. 1, Radiation Sensor: thermopile, millivoltmeter, shutter, reference heating and positioning; printed p. 3, Stefan-Boltzmann Lamp: approximate point source; printed pp. 9–10, Experiment 2, Fig. 2.1 and procedure: alignment, lamp-off ambient readings, lamp-on readings and heat-shield control; printed p. 11, Experiment 2 calculations: inverse squared distance comparison.

Corporate technical note issued by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., document KIRD9005E. No personal author or chapter byline is credited.

Information current as of May 2024, as printed on p. 6; this is not established as the first publication date. Hamamatsu Photonics hosts the document.

Official technical note: www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/ssd/thermopile_kird9005e.pdf

Cited passages: p. 2, §2 Structure: membrane absorber, reference junction locations and nonuniform temperatures; p. 2, Eq. (2-1): sum of thermocouple voltages; p. 3, §3-1 Sensitivity, Eq. (3-1): uniform illumination and localized spots; p. 3, §3-2 Noise, Eq. (3-2): resistance, absolute temperature and bandwidth; p. 6, institutional contact and information-current-as-of statement.

Whole-work authors: Sander Konijnenberg, Aurèle J.L. Adam and H. Paul Urbach. The author page credits A.P. Konijnenberg, A.J.L. Adam and H.P. Urbach and supplies their named biographies.

Issued by Delft University of Technology and hosted by its Interactive Textbooks platform. No publication date, revision date or edition is established.

Author biographies and whole-work credit: interactivetextbooks.tudelft.nl/interactive-optics/content/Authors/authors_01.html

Additional propagation locators: Scalar Diffraction Optics, Angular Spectrum Method, equations371–378, interactivetextbooks.tudelft.nl/interactive-optics/content/Chap6_Diffraction/DiffractiveOptics_2022_01Clean.html . The forward branch is tied to positive-z propagation and the negative-time-exponential convention; the chapter distinguishes propagating and evanescent components and states the vector divergence constraint.

Institutional laboratory guide issued by the Physics Advanced Lab of the University of California Berkeley, which hosts the webpage. No individual author or publication or revision date is established; the dynamic website copyright footer is separate.

Official laboratory guide: experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/LightSignal

Cited passages: Experimental Setup, LED, background and chopping geometry; Block Diagram I, chopper reference, photodiode, preamplifier, spectrum analyzer and lock-in amplifier; Experiment X, steps 2 and 9–13, reference search, LED-off comparison, frequency scan and external reference; Experiment XI, steps 1–8, alignment, overload, filtering and repeated readings; Interpreting the Data, points 1–3 and collection geometry. The source specifies apparatus and observations to make, without supplying measured numerical results.

Institutional manual issued and hosted by Stanford Research Systems, with SRS, Inc. printed on the cover. Revision 2.5, October 2011; the printed copyright years 1993 and 2011 are distinct from this revision date. No personal author is credited.

Official manual: www.thinksrs.com/downloads/PDFs/Manuals/SR830m.pdf

Cited passages: cover, imprint and revision; printed pp. 3-1–3-2, multiplication, synchronization, narrow-band detection, X and Y outputs and magnitude; p. 3-3, RMS or Peak? and Degrees or Radians?; pp. 3-11–3-12, time constants, roll-off, synchronous filters and settling; pp. 3-13–3-14, output normalization and displays.

Institutional educational slide issued and hosted by NASA Glenn Research Center. Its footer identifies curator and responsible-official roles, without establishing a personal author. No publication or revision date is established.

Official text slide: www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/WindTunnel/WTExpKids/tsld027.htm

Cited passages: slide 27, partially filled Tygon tube with water; total and static pressure connections; direction of water displacement and height-difference readout. The slide documents an experimental method and qualitative prediction, without supplying measured results.