By Simon Foner. Review of Scientific Instruments, volume 30, issue 7, pp. 548–557, July 1959. The first-page byline gives Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology as the author’s affiliation; it is not an institutional-author credit.

Primary article scan: www.w2agz.com/Library/Classic%20Papers%20in%20Superconductivity/Foner%2C%20RSI%2030%20%281959%29%20Versatile%20and%20Sensitive%20Vibrating-Sample%20Magnetometer.pdf

The scan host is w2agz.com, distinct from the journal and author.

Cited passages: p. 548: title, byline, venue and July 1959 publication metadata; pp. 549–550, §I and Figs. 1–2: perpendicular sample motion, loudspeaker drive, reference/sample pickup coils and positioning; p. 553, §IV and Fig. 9: null comparison and voltage-divider readout; p. 554, §§V.A–B: nickel saturation standard, position/shape limits, thermal noise and sample-removed holder correction; p. 556, §V.G and §VI.A.1: mechanical coupling, weighed specimen glued to mount and moment measurement. The inspected material is PDF text; figure pixels were not successfully inspected.

Institutional laboratory handout issued by New Jersey Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Laboratory, for ECE 494 Electrical Engineering Laboratory III. No individual byline or handout date is established.

Laboratory handout: ecelabs.njit.edu/ece494/lab1b.php

Cited passages: Prelab, item 1; Experiments with Semiconductor Diodes, item 1, including readout and loading cautions; item 2(a), instrument comparison; Report and Analysis.

By W. Marshall Leach, Jr.. Course notes for EE 3040 Microelectronic Circuits, Set 02.

Notes: leachlegacy.ece.gatech.edu/ece3040/notes/chap02.pdf

Course page: leachlegacy.ece.gatech.edu/ece3040/

The notes are undated. Summer 2005 dates the course-page class documents; it is not assigned as the PDF publication date. Georgia Institute of Technology hosts this personal material; the course page expressly disclaims institutional editing or publication.

Cited passages: §1.2, printed p. 4, equation (1.1); §1.3; §1.7, pp. 17–18; contents entry for §1.8; §1.11, p. 30; §1.12.1, pp. 30–31. The PDF chapter title is Chapter 2 while its printed section and equation prefixes are 1.

Institutional lesson by Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation, in Basic Knowledge of Discrete Semiconductor Device, Chapter II: Diodes, lesson 2 of 13. No individual byline or lesson date is established; the website copyright footer is not a publication date.

Online text: toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/semiconductor/knowledge/e-learning/discrete/chap2/chap2-2.html

Cited passages: opening paragraph; Figures 2-1(a), 2-1(c) and 2-2.

By Joel B. Fowler. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, volume 100, issue 5, pp. 591–599, September–October 1995. Accepted 21 July 1995. NIST is the institutional issuer and the author’s affiliation.

DOI: doi.org/10.6028/jres.100.044

Article scan: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/A_Third_Generation_Water_Bath_Based_Blackbody_Source_(IA_jresv100n5p591).pdf

NIST catalogue: www.nist.gov/publications/third-generation-water-bath-based-blackbody-source

The journal issue dates are used for publication; the catalogue’s 1 January 1995 timestamp is not the journal publication date. Its 17 February 2017 update dates the catalogue page.

Cited passages: §§2–3, printed pp. 592–593; §4.1 and Table 1, p. 594; §4.3 and Table 2, p. 595; About the author, p. 599.

By Raymond S. Castner, as credited on the PDF cover and title page. NASA/TM-2010-216259, April 2010; issued by NASA Glenn Research Center and hosted by the NASA Technical Reports Server. The associated conference occurred in August 2009.

Report: ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20100019443/downloads/20100019443.pdf?attachment=true

Cited passages: §II, printed p. 2; §§IV–V, printed pp. 8–9; Figures 7–10; concluding remarks, printed p. 10.

Online text: www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/machang.html

Issued and hosted by NASA Glenn Research Center. The footer credits Tom Benson as editor and NASA official; no individual author byline is established. Last updated 13 May 2021, an online revision date.

Cited passages: wavefront geometry and displayed angle equations.

Online text: www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/tunvschlrn.html

Issued and hosted by NASA Glenn Research Center. The footer credits Nancy Hall as editor and NASA official; no individual author byline is established. Last updated 13 May 2021, an online revision date.

Cited passages: slit source, two concave mirrors, knife edge and recording device; density-gradient contrast; dimensional interpretation.

Online text: www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/mach.html

Issued and hosted by NASA Glenn Research Center. The footer credits Nancy Hall as editor and NASA official; no individual author byline is established. Last updated 13 May 2021, an online revision date.

Cited passages: speed-ratio definition; gas and temperature dependence; flight regimes; disturbance propagation and wind-tunnel similarity.

By Ernst Ising. Zeitschrift für Physik, volume 31, pp. 253–258, February 1925.

Publisher metadata: link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02980577

English translation: www.tha.de/~harsch/anglica/Chronology/20thC/Ising/isi_fm00.html

Cited translation section: www.tha.de/~harsch/anglica/Chronology/20thC/Ising/isi_fm02.html

The Bibliotheca Augustana translation is hosted by Technische Hochschule Augsburg; its translator and translation date are not established. The original paper was received 9 December 1924; receipt and publication dates are distinct.

Cited passages: §1 Assumptions; §2 The simple linear chain, wall-energy discussion and paragraph after equation (8).

Online text: physicslabs.colorado.edu/demos/electricity-and-magnetism/magnetic-materials/temperature-and-magnetism/curie-temperature/

Institutional demonstration, DCS 5G50.10. Last updated 27 March 2026; this is an online revision date. No personal byline is supplied.

Cited passages: Purpose; apparatus Figure 1; Magnet Positioning.

Online text: web.physics.ucsb.edu/~lecturedemonstrations/Composer/Pages/40.75.html

Institutional demonstration issued and hosted by the University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Physics; no personal byline or publication date is established.

Cited passages: apparatus opening; interference derivation; fixed-end frequencies; relaxed-cord assumption and calculated versus measured frequency table.

Online text: ugdemos.physics.utoronto.ca/db/demos/chaotic-behaviour-double-pendulum

Demonstration catalog entry Me-020 issued by the University of Toronto Department of Physics. No personal byline or publication date is established; the university’s website hosting does not establish authorship.

Cited passages: Description, stand leveling and steps 1–4, upward release, white-dot observation, dowel insertion and repeated release; Apparatus, Double Double Pendulum and Double Pendulum. The written procedure was inspected; no inspection of the embedded video or apparatus image is claimed.

Instruction manual issued and published by PASCO scientific, whose manufacturer CDN hosts the document. No individual author byline or publication year is established. The cover identifies manual version 012-10874A.

Online text: cdn.pasco.com/product_document/Inclined-Plane-Dynamics-Set-Manual-ME-6966.pdf

Cited passages: printed pp. 4–5, component descriptions and bearing friction; p. 7, inclination scale and locking thumbscrew; p. 9, photogate and picket-fence alignment; p. 10, corporate copyright credit; pp. 15–16, Acceleration Down an Incline, equipment, procedure 1–8, data analysis 1–3, question 2 and timing notes. The interface/software protocol uses the 1 cm fence pattern; the separate Smart Timer note specifies the 5 cm pattern.

Institutional laboratory guide attributed to University of Colorado Boulder, Physics Undergraduate Labs, in the PHYS 3330 course route. No individual author is displayed. The institution issues the guide; physicslabs.colorado.edu hosts it.

Online text: physicslabs.colorado.edu/courses/phys-3330/lab-guides/lab3/

The page header states Lab Guide Last Updated: September 8, 2026; this is an online revision date, rather than a first publication date.

Cited passages: §§2–4: gain, decibel, source impedance and complex representation; §5.4: RC topology, transfer ratio and phase; §5.6: cutoff convention and discharge time constant; §§7.1.1–7.1.3: preparation and building; Figure 9 and §7.2.1: generator, two-channel scope, high-impedance setting and input check; §7.2.3: cable versus 10x probe control; §7.3: frequency sweep and 0.707 ratio; §7.4: square-wave discharge timing. This is an experimental teaching protocol, not a published measurement dataset.

Adapted by James M. McCormick, credited as J. M. McCormick, from an exercise used at the University of Kansas. This credit identifies the adaptation author of this standalone handout. Issued by Truman State University ChemLab and hosted by Truman State University. Last Update: 19 December 2012; this is a revision date.

Online text: chemlab.truman.edu/physical-chemistry/physical-chemistry-laboratory/liquid-vapor-equilibrium-of-a-binary-system/

Cited passages: Introduction, acetone–chloroform system; Procedure, Figure 1 caption and apparatus prose, Table 1, thermometer calibration, corrected pressure, stable-temperature reflux and paired samples; Abbé refractometer readout, pure-solvent and condensate agreement control and evaporation limitation; Table 2 caption and composition conversion; repeated additions paragraph and Results and Analysis. The apparatus caption and prose were inspected, but the apparatus photograph pixels were not. The handout specifies a procedure rather than a measured student dataset; its changing-temperature series is not a direct test of a fixed-temperature activity-coefficient relation.

By Howard DeVoe. Second edition, version 10, released January 2020, as stated on the inspected title page. The copyright page credits the author and thanks the University of Maryland for hosting; the university is the web host, not the book author.

Online text: www2.chem.umd.edu/thermobook/v10-screen.pdf

Cited passages: §9.2.8, printed p. 240, equations 9.2.42–9.2.44; §9.4.2, printed pp. 249–250, equations 9.4.5 and 9.4.8 and ideal-mixture definition; §9.5.1, printed p. 259, reference-state conventions; §9.5.3, printed p. 261, equation 9.5.14, mole-fraction activity coefficients.

Additional cited passages: §9.4.1, printed pp. 248–249; §9.4.3, printed pp. 250–251; §§11.1.1–11.1.2, printed pp. 305–307; printed p. 380, François-Marie Raoult biographical sketch. The version remains second edition, version 10, released January 2020.

Institutional laboratory guide issued by the Physics Department of Worcester Polytechnic Institute for Intermediate Lab 2651. The title page is dated 11 March 2017; the host path does not establish an individual author or course instructor.

Online text: users.wpi.edu/~kwu/Teaching/PH2651/biot-savart-law_MField_2017.pdf

Cited passages: pp. 2–3, §§1.2 and 1.2.1, sensor active area and orientation; pp. 4–5, §§1.2.2–1.2.3, selectable wire loop, position-dependent background subtraction and coil apparatus; p. 9, single-coil checklist, dimensions, current-off control and repeated readings; p. 12, appendix equations (2)–(4). The procedure specifies intended observations; measured experimental results are not asserted.

By Denis Vion, Abdelhanin Aassime, Audrey Cottet, Philippe Joyez, Hugues Pothier, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, Michel H. Devoret. Published in Science 296, 886–889 (2002). The inspected author preprint is arXiv:cond-mat/0205343v2, revised 29 May 2002. Its internal manuscript date, 21 December 2001, is distinct from preprint revision and journal publication. CEA-Saclay is the authors' affiliation; arXiv hosts the preprint.

Online text: arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0205343

Version and journal metadata: arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0205343

DOI: doi.org/10.1126/science.1069372

Cited passages: PDF pp. 1–2 and Figure 1A–C, circuit apparatus and preparation/readout ports; p. 3, Figure 3A, pulse calibration; pp. 3–4, Figure 3B and Ramsey discussion; p. 4, contrast and noise qualifications; p. 5, notes 29–30. Source figures and experimental curves are not reproduced.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology course, Fall 2013. Course instructor: Barton Zwiebach. Institutional issuer: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; web host: MIT OpenCourseWare. Authorship and document dates are recorded for individual resources, rather than inferred from the instructor role.

Course lecture-notes index: ocw.mit.edu/courses/8-05-quantum-physics-ii-fall-2013/pages/lecture-notes/