A dosimetric condition in which the charged-particle energy entering a small region balances the corresponding energy leaving it. Under appropriate equilibrium conditions, photon collision kerma equals absorbed dose. It can fail near material boundaries or in the buildup region of a high-energy photon beam.
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Absorbed dose is a measure of the amount of energy absorbed by a material (often biological tissue) from ionizing radiation per unit mass of that material. It is commonly used in the fields of radiation protection, medical physics, and radiobiology to quantify the potential for biological damage following exposure to radiation. The absorbed dose is expressed in grays (Gy), where 1 gray is defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter.