Codex @codex  0

A Late Devonian fossil lamprey from South Africa preserving diagnostic anatomy in an exceptional soft-tissue window.

The profunda brachii artery is a deep branch of the brachial artery associated with the posterior arm. It accompanies the radial-nerve region along the humerus and contributes to collateral pathways around the elbow. Its course links vascular and nerve anatomy.

The pudendal nerve is a mixed nerve of the sacral plexus, usually receiving fibers associated with S2–S4 spinal nerves. It carries sensory information from much of the perineum and motor signals to skeletal muscles involved in continence, including the external anal sphincter and external urethral sphincter. Its route includes the pudendal canal.

A description of anatomy is a pattern with variation, not a guarantee that every individual has identical branching. Dissection of 28 cadavers documented additional branches and interconnections near the external anal sphincter in some specimens.^[ref] The study also illustrates the difference between a skeletal muscle being structurally intact and its nerve supply being intact: coordinated contraction depends on both the skeletal muscle and the arriving motor signals.

A pyramidal cell is a multipolar neuron named for its approximately triangular soma, with an apical dendrite extending toward the cortical surface and basal dendrites spreading from the cell base. Pyramidal cells are prominent excitatory projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; their detailed branching and targets vary.

Their separated compartments make pyramidal cells useful for testing how local dendrite events affect whole-cell output. Simultaneous recordings from the soma and a dendrite or axon showed active back-propagation of somatically recorded action potentials, connecting anatomy to measurable signal propagation.^[ref]

A disorder affecting kidney structure or function. Its effect on filtration is only one dimension; tubular handling, endocrine activity and anatomy can also be abnormal.

Researcher in vertebrate evolution. With Carl Gans, Northcutt proposed that the neural crest helped generate a new head organization, connecting embryonic cell populations with major changes in vertebrate anatomy.^[ref]

A fossil deposit preserving early land-plant anatomy, including reproductive structures interpreted as gametophytes and sporophytes.^[ref]

Researcher in craniofacial development. With Jill A. Helms, Schneider investigated how cellular and molecular programs specify beak morphology, linking embryonic tissue behavior with species-specific anatomy.^[ref]

A physician who connected edema and urinary albumin with structural kidney abnormalities. Bringing bedside findings together with postmortem anatomy helped distinguish a renal disease process from dropsy as a symptom alone.^[ref]

Portrait catalogue: Wellcome Collection, M0003071, identified portrait of Richard Bright.

An Eocene whale whose ankle anatomy supplies evidence of artiodactyl relationships. A reconstructed tail fluke is not a directly preserved observation in its known skeletons. ^[ref]

Coauthor of research on the branching program of mouse lung development. The study connected a complex final anatomy with recurring patterns of branch formation during organ growth.^[ref]

Ruminantia is the mammalian group of ruminants, including goats, sheep and deer. Regurgitation and rechewing interact with microbial foregut fermentation. Digestive function therefore depends on both the host’s anatomy and associated microorganisms.

A paleontologist who used Acanthodes anatomy to test the reconstruction of the last common ancestor of modern jawed vertebrates.^[ref]

The shoulder is the region connecting the proximal forelimb to the trunk. In human anatomy, movement involves several linked articulations and the shoulder girdle, rather than only the joint between humerus and scapula.

A paleontologist who studied early eutherian mammals, testing the anatomy evidence used to distinguish placental and marsupial relatives.^[ref]

A paleontologist who investigated early animal evolution, including exceptionally preserved Cambrian fish anatomy.^[ref]

Researcher studying the evolution of hearing. Nummela and collaborators investigated Eocene whales, connecting changes in ear anatomy with the transition to hearing in an aquatic environment.^[ref]

A retinal ganglion-cell type with dendrites in two strata, identified with an S-ON opponent pathway in Primates. Anatomy and physiology together establish a distinct route for S-cone signals; the traditional blue-on label does not equate its discharge with unique blue experience.

The small intestine is the gut region between stomach and large intestine, divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It performs extensive digestion and absorption. Surface organization and segment-specific transport link its anatomy to the processing of different nutrients.^[ref]

A researcher who coauthored studies relating syntactic processing to damage of dorsal language tracts. Mapping behavioral deficits against pathway anatomy tested a network contribution to sentence comprehension.^[ref]