Baryon number ( $B$ )

B = 1/3

to each quark,

B = - 1/3

to each antiquark and zero to leptons. A proton has baryon number one.

Baryon plus lepton number ( $B + L$ )

Baryon plus lepton number is the sum of baryon number and lepton number. It is an accidental classical symmetry of the renormalizable Standard Model but has an

S U (2)_{L}

chiral anomaly, so electroweak instantons and sphalerons violate it.

Proton decay is a hypothetical baryon-number-violating transition of the proton into lighter particles. Its nonobservation places strong lower bounds on the scale, or strong upper bounds on the couplings, of baryon-number-violating interactions.

A proton-decay operator is a local effective interaction that violates baryon number. Standard Model gauge invariance first permits such operators at dimension six, including

QQQ L

and

u^{c} u^{c} d^{c} e^{c}

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Baryon number is a quantum number in particle physics that represents the total number of baryons in a system. Baryons are a class of subatomic particles that include protons and neutrons, which are the building blocks of atomic nuclei. The baryon number is defined as follows: - Each baryon (like protons and neutrons) has a baryon number of +1.