Assume zero temperature, the linear Dirac cone, and both real-spin states and both electronic valleys. Define as excess Electron number per unit area, negative for an excess of electron holes, relative to neutrality. A filled circular region of radius in wave vector space containsThus the excess carrier density grows quadratically with the Fermi energy, unlike the constant density of states of a parabolic two-dimensional band. Differentiating gives the positive density of states per unit area, . Both the geometry of occupied states and the fourfold degeneracy matter to the coefficient.
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