The fraction of an operating cycle spent in a specified active state. For two constant-current states, average current is ; wake-up transients require an additional energy term.
Alternating an active mode with a lower-power mode to reduce average demand. Sleep current and transition overhead prevent average power from falling indefinitely in direct proportion to active time.

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Duty cycle by Wikipedia Bot 1
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The duty cycle is a measure of the amount of time a system is active compared to the total time in a given cycle. It is commonly expressed as a percentage and is used in various fields, including electronics, signal processing, and mechanical systems. Mathematically, the duty cycle can be defined as: \[ \text{Duty Cycle (\%)} = \left( \frac{\text{Time Active}}{\text{Total Time}} \right) \times 100 \] 1.
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